Strategies towards Cost Reduction in the Manufacture of Printable Perovskite Solar Modules

Abstract

Among different perovskite solar cell architectures, the carbon-based perovskite solar cell (C-PSC) is a promising candidate for upscaling and commercialization related to low-cost components and simple manufacturing methods. For upscaling a PV technology, three parameters must be considered, corresponding to efficiency, stability, and cost. While the efficiency and lifetime of perovskite technology are the focus of many research groups, the cost parameter is less studied. This work aims to provide information on the manufacturing cost of C-PSC based on experimental data in order to give the readers a panoramic overview of parameters influencing a fabrication process. To analyze the commercialization viability of this technology, we estimated the cost of raw materials and the manufacturing process for sub-modules using two different methods: registration and scribing. The fabrication cost of a sub-module fabricated using the scribing method with 7.9% efficiency was approximately 44% less than that of a device with 6.8% efficiency prepared using registration. We demonstrated that this is due to both the design parameters and performance. In addition, we showed a 51% cost reduction for registration devices by appropriate choice of solar cell components, fabrication steps, and equipment based on the existing infrastructures for the manufacturing of large-scale devices.

A techno-economic perspective on rigid and flexible perovskite solar modules

“…1 Literature review of manufacturing costs for SJ perovskite solar modules, as calculated in the techno-economic analyses from ref. 23-33. When Balance Of Module (BOM) costs are not included in the calculations, 23,25,31 the boxes are presented with a hashed shading. common being the annuitizing method, in which the cost is decomposed into a certain number of equivalent annuities, and the discounting method, where each year's contribution is weighed by a discount rate.…”

A review of graphene derivative enhancers for perovskite solar cells

“…Deposition protocols for graphene derivatives in PSCs need to be performed in a way that incurs minimum damage to other underlying layers to preserve the integrity of the materials and prevent defect generation and promote scaling-up. 114 The PSC fabrication methods involving graphene derivatives include electro-spraying, 152 radio-frequency magnetron sputtering, 128 screen-printing, 185 lamination, 119 doctor blade (blade coating) 21 and spin-coating 82 ( Table 1 ). The spin-coating conditions (speed/time, annealing temperature, solvent) should be quantitatively managed to control morphology and thickness (thicker layers will be less transparent).…”

Crystalline porous materials in perovskite solar cells: a mutually beneficial marriage

“…87 Carbon-based CsPbI 2 Br PSCs have the advantages of high stability and low cost, but poor contact with the perovskite layer and energy mismatch leads to low PCE. 90 Xie et al utilized UV-Ozone irradiation Fe 3 O 4 @NC composite (Fe 3 O 4 @NC UVO) as the interface layer between the perovskite layer and carbon electrode, which acquired a denser perovskite film and effectively promoted carrier separation (Fig. 12d).…”