A review of graphene derivative enhancers for perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Due to the finite nature, health and environmental hazards currently associated with the use of fossil energy resources, there is a global drive to hasten development and deployment of renewable...

Zwitterionic Bergman-Triggered Cascade Polymerization: A Plateau Reaction Leading to Metal-Graphene Nanoribbon Semiconductors Using Boron-Metal Couple

“…The combination of boronyl group and -Au(I)-acetylide, when placed remotely in enediynes, can be envisaged as the frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) where the electronic communication between the boronyl acceptor and the electron-rich Au(I)L is restricted by intervening sp 3 -hybridized carbons (Figure 10). This model resembles the previous investigation based on boron-mediated [3,3] and [1,5]-sigmatropic shifts where the rearrangement helped to establish direct resonance-enabled communication between the remotely situated donor and acceptor groups (Figure 10). 37,41 Generally, the enediynes prefer conventional BC over the SP cyclization because the former leads to a stable aromatic diradical whereas the latter gives an unstable non-aromatic fulvene diradical.…”

“…As we approach the quantum limit of silicon-based semiconductors, the discovery of unique electronic properties of graphene offered a lucrative alternative. In recent years, graphene-based materials have been the focus of intense research due to their application in solar cells, 1,2 organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), 3 bioengineering, 4,5 drug and gene delivery system, 6,7 composite materials, 8 and energy storage devices. 9,10 However, despite the extraordinary mechanical and optoelectronic properties, the vanishing bandgaps in graphenes limit their scope to replace the silicon-based semiconductors.…”

“…An experimental study by Roth et al in 1994 corroborated the high activation enthalpy of 28.7 ± 0.5 kcal/mol at 200 o C as predicted by Bergman in early 1970s (H # = 32 kcal/mol; HR = 18 kcal/mol). 21,22,23 This is because, unlike concerted pericyclic process, the number of bonds broken (2) and formed (1) in the cycloaromatization step are not conserved, and the conversion of two -bonds into one -bond leads to the formation of a six-membered aromatic diradical that is orthogonal to the aromatic system, and cannot take advantage of adjacent conjugated system (Figure 2, top left). As a result, this diradical is highly reactive and capable of producing variety of fused cycloaromatic compounds.…”

Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide-polyaniline composite materials: hydrothermal treatment, characterisation and supercapacitive properties

“…8,9 However, GO on its own is a poor electrode material for ECs due to limited electro-active sites and its insulating nature. 10,11 For example, a high amount of GO in a Ni-metal-organic framework-GO-graphene nanoplatelet EC electrode was reported to lower electric energy storage capabilities due to the increased insulating effect from GO. 12 The conducting properties of graphene can be restored in GO by reducing it through chemical, thermal, and other methods.…”

Zwitterionic Bergman cyclization triggered polymerization gives access to metal-graphene nanoribbons using a boron metal couple

“…As we reach the quantum limit of silicon-based semiconductors, graphene-based materials have become the focus of intense research due to their applications in solar cells 1 , 2 , OLEDs 3 , bioengineering 4 , 5 , drug and gene delivery systems 6 , 7 , composite materials 8 , and energy storage devices 9 , 10 . Despite their extraordinary mechanical and optoelectronic properties, vanishing bandgaps in graphene limits its ability to replace silicon-based semiconductors.…”