“…As we approach the quantum limit of silicon-based semiconductors, the discovery of unique electronic properties of graphene offered a lucrative alternative. In recent years, graphene-based materials have been the focus of intense research due to their application in solar cells, 1,2 organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), 3 bioengineering, 4,5 drug and gene delivery system, 6,7 composite materials, 8 and energy storage devices. 9,10 However, despite the extraordinary mechanical and optoelectronic properties, the vanishing bandgaps in graphenes limit their scope to replace the silicon-based semiconductors.…”