Strategies for spectrum usage measurements

2014

IEICE Trans. Commun.

SUMMARYCognitive Radio (CR) is aimed at increasing the efficiency of spectrum utilization by allowing unlicensed users to access, in an opportunistic and non-interfering manner, some licensed bands temporarily and/or spatially unoccupied by the licensed users. The analysis of CR systems usually requires the spectral activity of the licensed system to be represented and characterized in a simple and tractable, yet accurate manner, which is accomplished by means of spectrum models. In order to guarantee the realism and accuracy of such models, the use of empirical spectrum occupancy data is essential. In this context, this paper explains the complete process of spectrum modeling, from the realization of field measurements to the obtainment of the final validated model, and highlights the main relevant aspects to be taken into account when developing spectrum usage models for their application in the context of the CR technology. key words: cognitive radio, dynamic spectrum access, spectrum usage, spectrum measurements, spectrum models

Section: Measurement Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum Usage in Cognitive Radio Networks: From Field Measurements to Empirical Models

2014

IEICE Trans. Commun.

“…As detailed in [147], there are some basic dimensions that every spectrum measurement strategy should clearly specify: frequency (frequency span and frequency points to be measured), location (measurement site selection), direction (antenna pointing angle), polarization (receiving antenna polarization) and time (sampling rate and measurement period). The measurement setup employed in the evaluation of spectrum occupancy should be designed taking into account the previous factors since they play a key role in the accuracy of the obtained results.…”

Section: Measurement Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although previous spectrum measurement campaigns followed similar approaches, a detailed analysis of Tables 2.1-2.3 highlights the lack of a common and appropriate evaluation methodology. As pointed out in [147], different measurement strategies can result in widely divergent answers. Therefore, the availability of a common and reliable evaluation methodology would be desirable not only to prevent inaccurate results but also to enable the direct comparison of results from different sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum Usage Models for the Analysis, Design and Simulation of Cognitive Radio Networks

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

2012

ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d'aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l'acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d'aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d'investigació i docència. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora.ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tesisenred.net) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING.On having consulted this thesis you're accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net) service has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized neither its spreading and availability from a site foreign to the TDX service. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service is not authorized (framing). This rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it's obliged to indicate the name of the author Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful.George E. P. BoxTo my beloved family for their unconditional love and support.A mi querida familia por su cariño y apoyo incondicionales. 0 ABSTRACTThe owned spectrum allocation policy, in use since the early days of modern radio communications, has been proven to effectively control interference among radio communication systems and simplify the design of hardware for use at a known and fixed range of frequencies. However, the overwhelming proliferation of new operators, innovative services and wireless technologies during the last years has resulted, under this static regulatory regime, in the depletion of all spectrum bands with commercially attractive radio propagation characteristics. The vast majority of spectrum regarded as usable has already been allocated, thus...

“…Although previous spectrum measurement campaigns followed similar approaches, a detailed analysis of Tables 1 and 2 highlight the lack of a common and appropriate evaluation methodology. As pointed out in Reference [26], different measurement strategies can result in widely divergent answers. Therefore, the availability of a common and reliable evaluation methodology would be desirable not only to prevent inaccurate results but also to enable the direct comparison of results from different sources.…”

Section: Refmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As detailed in Reference [26], there are some basic dimensions that every spectrum measurement strategy should clearly specify: frequency (frequency span and frequency points to be measured), location (measurement site selection), direction (antenna pointing angle), polarisation (receiving antenna polarisation) and time (sampling rate and measurement period). The measurement setup employed in the evaluation of spectrum occupancy should be designed taking ‡ In the context of spectrum occupancy evaluation for CR, the spatial domain may refer to the impact of the selected measurement location on the occupancy statistics.…”

Section: Measurement Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological aspects of spectrum occupancy evaluation in the context of cognitive radio

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

2010

SUMMARYCognitive radio has recently emerged as a promising solution to conciliate the existing conflicts between spectrum demand growth and spectrum underutilisation. The basic underlying idea is to allow unlicensed users to access in an opportunistic and non-interfering manner some licensed bands temporarily unoccupied by the licensed users. Within the framework of cognitive radio, several spectrum measurement campaigns have been performed in diverse locations and scenarios in order to assess the degree to which allocated spectrum bands are currently being used in real wireless communication systems. Although such measurement campaigns follow similar approaches, there is a lack of common and appropriate evaluation methodology, which would be desirable not only to prevent inaccurate results but also to enable the direct comparison of results from different sources. In this context, this work presents a comprehensive and in-depth discussion of several important methodological aspects that need to be accounted for when evaluating spectrum occupancy in the context of cognitive radio. Moreover, a quantitative evaluation of the impact of different factors on the obtained results along with various useful guidelines is also provided. The results presented in this work highlight the importance of carefully designing an appropriate methodology when evaluating spectrum occupancy in the context of cognitive radio.