Space-dimension models of spectrum usage for cognitive radio networksMiguel López-Benítez, Member, IEEE, Fernando CasadevallAbstract-The Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) principle, relying on the Cognitive Radio (CR) paradigm, allows users to access spectrum over time intervals or spatial areas where it remains unused. Owing to the opportunistic nature of DSA/CR, the behaviour and performance of DSA/CR networks depends on the perceived spectrum usage pattern. An accurate modelling of spectrum occupancy therefore becomes essential in the context of DSA/CR. In this context, this work addresses the problem of accurately modelling the spectrum occupancy pattern perceived by DSA/CR users in the spatial domain. A novel spatial modelling approach is introduced in order to enable a simple yet practical and accurate characterisation of spectrum. First, a set of models are proposed to characterise and predict the average level of occupancy perceived by DSA/CR users at various locations based on the knowledge of some simple signal parameters. An extension is then proposed in order to characterise not only the average occupancy level but also the instantaneous channel state perceived simultaneously by DSA/CR users observing the same transmitter from different locations. The validity and accuracy of the theoretical models are demonstrated with results from an extensive spectrum measurement campaign. Some illustrative examples of their potential applicability are presented and discussed as well.