Strategies for numerical simulation of linear friction welding of metals: a review

Abstract

Linear friction welding (LFW) is a solid-state joining process used to weld non-axisymmetric components. Material joining is obtained through the reciprocating motion of two specimens undergoing an axial force. During this process, the heat source is determined by the frictional work transformed into heat. This results in a local softening of the material and plays a key role in the onset of the bonding conditions. In this paper, a critical analysis of the different approaches used to simulate the LFW processes is provided. The focus of the paper is the comparison of different modeling strategies and the most relevant outputs available, i.e. temperature, strain and stress distribution, material flow, axial shortening and residual stress. Major issues arising due to the complexity of the process are discussed, highlighting strengths and weaknesses of each approach

Thermomechanical modelling for the linear friction welding process of Ni-based superalloy and verification

“…Flash is formed when material that was previously at the weld interface is heated, softened, and expelled in the direction of oscillation during friction welding. 13,84 Flash formation is beneficial for the expulsion of oxides and contaminants, and the creation of atomically clean weld joint with high bonding affinity. 1,2,8 Figure 9 shows cross-section view cuts along the y-axis, revealing the local temperature evolution and formation of flash during the LFW of Inconel-718 alloy.…”

Latest Advances in Manufacturing and Machine Learning of Bulk Metallic Glasses

“…Laser welding, [282][283][284][285][286][287] friction welding, [288][289][290][291][292][293] electron beam welding, [294] and other variations are methods used to weld bulk metallic glasses to overcome size and geometry limitations of raw part manufacturing. During welding, maintaining the amorphous character at the weld bead is crucial to the success of the technique, and a variety of articles, from early [295] to later reports, [296][297][298][299][300][301][302] address this in depth.…”

Role of oscillation frequency and amplitude on the microstructure and properties of linear friction welded nickel aluminium bronze joints

“…This approach creates friction heat by oscillating one workpiece to another while applying compressive force. With the help of this joining technique, two nonaxisymmetric components made of identical or different materials can be joined altogether [17][18][19]. The initiation, transition, equilibrium, and slowdown (or forging) phases are reportedly the four distinct phases of the LFW process [20].…”