Strategies for indole alkaloids enrichment through callus culture from Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.

Production of secondary metabolites using tissue culture-based biotechnological applications

“…In addition, some active ingredients and secondary compounds have successfully been produced by application of tissue culture approach using intact plants ( Figure 4 ). The examples are as listed: phenolic molecules, including apigenin, p-coumaric acid, genistein, luteolin, rutin hydrate, trans-ferulic acid, salicylic acid and naringenin from Coryphantha macromeris ( Karakas and Bozat, 2020 ); medicinally vital phenolic and flavonoid compounds, including apigenin, caffeic acid, catechin, gallic acid, hederagenin, myricetin, kaempherol, isorhamnetin, nahagenin, ursolic acid, betulinic acid from Fagonia indica ( Khan et al., 2019 ); p-coumaric acid, hesperidin, cafeic acid, rosmarinic acid from Rosmarinus officinalis ( Coskun et al., 2019 ); phenolics, including gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, myricetin, quercetin, vanillic acid, luteolin and iso-rhamnetin, from Lycium barbarum ( Karakas, 2020 ); gingerol, shogaol, and zingerone from Zingiber officinale ( Arijanti and Suryaningsih, 2019 ); indole alkaloids, including echitamine, acetylechitamine, tubotaiwine and picrinine from Alstonia scholaris ( Jeet et al., 2020 ); crocin from Crocus sativus ( Moradi et al., 2018 ); anticancer alkaloids (vincristine and vinblastine) from Catharanthus roseus ( Mekky et al., 2018 ); phenylethanoid (salidroside, tyrosol), phenylpropanoid (rosavin and rosarin) and phenolic acids (p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, and cinnamic acid) from Rhodiola imbricata ( Rattan et al., 2020 ); eugenol and ursolic acid from Ocimum tenuiflorum ( Sharan et al., 2018 ); bioactive compounds, including 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (phthalic acid), 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, 2-hexadecen-1-ol-3,7,11,15-tetrametil, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (methyl palmitate), n-hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester, phytol, octadecanoic acid methyl ester (methyl stearate), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (linolenic acid) and squalene from Mucuna pruriens ( Sweetlin and Daniel, 2020 ); several different metabolics, including acetamide, propanoic acid, α-thujene, linalool, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, β-maaliene, epidolichodial, calarene, seychellene, α-curcumene, eremophilene, α-vatirenene, valencene, α-cadinol, ledol, meso-erythritol, α-gurjunene, viridiflorol, (-)-globulol, spirojatamol, dodecanoic acid, patchouli alcohol, jatamansone, xylitol, aristolone, protocatechuic acid, mannose, hexadecanoic acid, p-coumaric acid, talose, α-D-mannopyranose, α-D-galactopyranoside, D-mannitol, myo-inositol, -D-glucopyranoside, D-(+)-trehalose, D-(+)-cellobiose, melibiose, vitamin E, β-sitosterol from Nardostachys jatamansi ( Bose et al., 2019 ); identified 11 organic acids, 16 phenolic acids, 8 flavonoids, and 17 metabolites of different classes from Coryphantha macromeris ( Cabanas-Garcia et al., 2021 ); phenolic compounds (ferulic acid, isoquercitrin, rutin, quercetin, quercetin-7-O-glucoside and luteolin) from Hyssopus officinalis ( Babich et al., 2021 ) and phenylethanoids and st...…”

Transcriptomic analysis of genes related to alkaloid biosynthesis and the regulation mechanism under precursor and methyl jasmonate treatment in Dendrobium officinale

“…Moreover, the shortage of natural medicinal plant resources seriously affects the development and utilization of medicinal plants. Adding exogenous substances, such as precursors, elicitors, nutrient elements, and signal molecules, to plant tissue culture systems is an effective method to improve the plant TIA content (Jeet et al, 2020). For example, the accumulation of vinblastine was improved by treatment with tryptophan (Trp) in multiple shoot and callus cultures of Catharanthus roseus (Sharma et al, 2019), and MeJA and JA can be used as signal molecules to regulate the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, such as nicotine, anthocyanin, artemisinin, and TIAs (Wasternack and Strnad, 2019).…”

Structural Analysis of Diastereomeric Cardiac Glycosides and Their Genins Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…Hyphenated mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI/TQD) methods are separation-based techniques coupled to mass spectrometry applied to natural product research. , Mass spectrometry (MS) is an economical and indispensable tool in natural product research to investigate novel metabolites, biomarker discovery, and a class of compounds based on mass fragmentation . Online tandem mass spectra of ions were measured by precursor ion selection in MS followed by collision-induced dissociation (CID) and the analysis of the daughter ions (signature fragments of particular m / z ) by MS. − The association of ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI-MS/MS) offers chromatographic resolution, a precise idea of each metabolite, and a fragmentation signature and can be successfully used for the identification and structural characterization of CGs in medicinal plants. ,− It is a rapid and accurate identification technique by comparing fragment ions from standards.…”