Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals

Migné, Camille Victoire; Moutailler, Sara; Attoui, Houssam

doi:10.3390/pathogens9110915

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…Studies with the Eurasian strain of ASFV suggest that O. erraticus and O. verrucosus are unlikely vectors of the ASFV strains currently circulating in Eurasia [ 18 ]. In addition to the influence of vectors’ genetic diversity, the genetic variability of arboviruses plays an important role in the determinism of vector competence [ 19 ], thus affecting the levels of infection in the arthropod vector. For example, the vector competences of Ae.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Vector Competence of Ixodes Ticks for Kemerovo Virus

Migné

Seixas

Heckmann

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Tick-borne viruses are responsible for various symptoms in humans and animals, ranging from simple fever to neurological disorders or haemorrhagic fevers. The Kemerovo virus (KEMV) is a tick-borne orbivirus, and it has been suspected to be responsible for human encephalitis cases in Russia and central Europe. It has been isolated from Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes ricinus ticks. In a previous study, we assessed the vector competence of I. ricinus larvae from Slovakia for KEMV, using an artificial feeding system. In the current study, we used the same system to infect different tick population/species, including I. ricinus larvae from France and nymphs from Slovakia, and I. persulcatus larvae from Russia. We successfully confirmed the first two criteria of vector competence, namely, virus acquisition and trans-stadial transmission, for both tick species that we tested. The estimated infection rates of engorged and moulted ticks suggest specificities between viral strains and tick species/developmental stages.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Vector Competence of Ixodes Ticks for Kemerovo Virus

Migné

Seixas

Heckmann

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…Regarding the transmission of VSV in 2018, the analysis showed several small and independent outbreaks in the Amazon region and the spread of another outbreak caused by a homogeneous genetic variant in the eastern coastlands and the Andes. It is well known a large number of stomatitis infections are caused by vectors [3,39,40] and the presence of several small, genetically variable, and frequent outbreaks each year in the Amazon region [41] indicates transmission from different hosts, most probably insects or perhaps mammals [42][43][44] and not due to contact between cows. Cow density is the lowest in this part of Ecuador, and most dairy farms are small-scale with only a few cows and little contact between cattle farms.…”

Section: Vsnjv Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Tracking of The Origin of Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreaks in 2004 and 2018, Ecuador

Vasco-Julio¹,

Aguilar²,

Maldonado³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is an arbovirus causing vesicular stomatitis (VS) in livestock. There are two serotypes recognized: New Jersey (NJ) and Indiana (IND). The virus can be transmitted directly by contact or by vectors. In Ecuador, in the year 2018, an outbreak of Vesicular Stomatitis (VS) in cattle, caused by VSV-NJ and VSV-IND, was recorded with 399 cases reported distributed over 18 provinces. We determined the phylogenetic relationships among 67 strains. For the construction of phylogenetic trees, the viral phosphoprotein gene was sequenced, and trees were constructed based on the Maximum Likelihood method using 2004 outbreak strains from Ecuador (Genbank) and the 2018 sequences (this article). We built a haplotype network for VSV-NJ to trace the origin of the 2004 and 2018 epizootics through topology and mutations connections. These analyses suggested two different origins, one related with the 2004 outbreak and the other from an enzootic transmission source in 2018. Our analysis also suggests different transmission patterns with several small and independent outbreaks, most probably transmitted by vectors in the Amazon, and in the Andes and Coast region by the movement of livestock. We recommend further research for vectors and vertebrate reservoirs in Ecuador to clarify the mechanisms of the reemergence of the virus.

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“…Viral persistence is a staple for pathogenesis and is maintained, predominately, without any obvious detrimental effects on the host biology. Their replication and persistence are also well documented in cell cultures [15][16][17][18][19]. Approximately 40 spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Potential Role of Flavivirus NS2B-NS3 Proteases in Viral Pathogenesis and Anti-flavivirus Drug Discovery Employing Animal Cells and Models: A Review

Wahaab

Mustafa

Hameed

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Flaviviruses are known to cause a variety of diseases in humans in different parts of the world. There are very limited numbers of antivirals to combat flavivirus infection, and therefore new drug targets must be explored. The flavivirus NS2B-NS3 proteases are responsible for the cleavage of the flavivirus polyprotein, which is necessary for productive viral infection and for causing clinical infections; therefore, they are a promising drug target for devising novel drugs against different flaviviruses. This review highlights the structural details of the NS2B-NS3 proteases of different flaviviruses, and also describes potential antiviral drugs that can interfere with the viral protease activity, as determined by various studies. Moreover, optimized in vitro reaction conditions for studying the NS2B-NS3 proteases of different flaviviruses may vary and have been incorporated in this review. The increasing availability of the in silico and crystallographic/structural details of flavivirus NS2B-NS3 proteases in free and drug-bound states can pave the path for the development of promising antiflavivirus drugs to be used in clinics. However, there is a paucity of information available on using animal cells and models for studying flavivirus NS2B-NS3 proteases, as well as on the testing of the antiviral drug efficacy against NS2B-NS3 proteases. Therefore, on the basis of recent studies, an effort has also been made to propose potential cellular and animal models for the study of flavivirus NS2B-NS3 proteases for the purposes of exploring flavivirus pathogenesis and for testing the efficacy of possible drugs targets, in vitro and in vivo.

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Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals

Cited by 9 publications

References 83 publications

Evaluation of Vector Competence of Ixodes Ticks for Kemerovo Virus

Evaluation of Vector Competence of Ixodes Ticks for Kemerovo Virus

Molecular Tracking of The Origin of Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreaks in 2004 and 2018, Ecuador

Potential Role of Flavivirus NS2B-NS3 Proteases in Viral Pathogenesis and Anti-flavivirus Drug Discovery Employing Animal Cells and Models: A Review

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