Strategies for a risky business: How drug dealers manage customers, suppliers and competitors in Italy, Slovenia and Germany

A Scoping Review of Qualitative Research Methods Used With People in Prison

“…Authors most commonly reported that participant confidentiality and privacy were safeguarded by prison staff not being present during interviews or focus groups, without further detail. Additional strategies used included institutional confidentiality agreements (Kjaer Minke, 2014), restating the rules of mandatory reporting during interviews (Harner et al, 2011; Mangnall & Yurkovich, 2010), avoiding collecting demographic information (Pedlar, Yuen, & Fortune, 2008; Staton-Tindall et al, 2007) or signed consent forms (Copes et al, 2013), and otherwise maintaining anonymity during recruitment, data collection, and dissemination of findings (Guin, 2009; Hatton, Kleffer, & Fisher, 2006; Havnes, Clausen, & Middelthon, 2014; Lee et al, 2006; Tzvetkova et al, 2016).…”

“…At times, this was because they had dual roles as researchers as well as prison employees or visiting staff or students (Kennedy, 2014;O'Grady, Rolvsjord, & McFerran, 2015;Treloar, McCredie, & Lloyd, 2015). At other times, prison staff or health-care providers undertook recruitment and consent on behalf of the researchers (Einat & Rabinovitz, 2013;Soffer & Ajzenstadt, 2010;Tzvetkova et al, 2016). Another way in which prison staff or health-care providers acted as intermediaries was when researchers consulted with them after potential participants had been identified but before recruitment.…”

“…(2009);Blagden et al (2014);Condon et al (2007);Decorte (2007);Giertsen, Nylander, Frank, Kolind, and Tourunen (2015);Kenning et al (2010);Topp et al (2016);Tzvetkova et al (2016); andWoodall (2010) Random or quasi-random 6Cobb and Farrants (2014); DeHart(2008); Einat (2009); Fogel et al (2014); Rahmah et al (2014); and Topp et al (2016) Unclear 7 Recruitment strategies (excluding self-response to advertisement) Researcher presented to group (including meetings for other purposes) 8 Aday, Krabill, and Deaton-Owens (2014); Harawa et al (2010); Harner and Riley (2013); Lewin and Farkas (2012); Saraiva et al (2011); Staton-Tindall et al (2007); and Woodall, Dixey, Green, and Newell (2009) Individual invitation by researchers (including researchers in dual roles) 22 Alves et al (2016); A. N. Chambers (2009); Earle (2011); Fogel et al (2014); Gilham (2012); Haley et al (2014); Howerton et al (2007); Kennedy (2014); Khaw et al (2007); Mjaland (2015); Pedlar, Yuen, and Fortune (2008); Plugge et al (2008); Reading and Bowen (2014); Schneider and Feltey (2009); and Treloar, McCredie, and Lloyd (2016) Health-care provider invitation/facilitation 16 Baker et al (2013); Carlson et al (2011); Castro Madariaga, Gó mez Garcés, Carrasco Parra, and Foster (2017); Einat and Rabinovitz (2013); Elisha, Idisis, and Ronel (2012); Guin (2009); Hassan et al (2013); Havnes et al (2014); Lee et al (2006); Mangnall and Yurkovich (2010); Ritter and Elger (2013); Soffer and Ajzenstadt (2010); and Yap et al (2014) Prison program leader/worker invitation 7 Billington et al (2016); Borrill et al (2005); Kerley and Copes (2009); O'Grady et al (2015); and Sondhi et al (2016) Prison staff invitation/facilitation 11 Decorte (2007); Harner and Riley (2013); Havnes et al (2014); Muessig et al (2016); Oliver and Hairston (2008); Ralphs et al (2017); Todrys and Amon (2011); Tzvetkova et al (2016); Yap et al (2014); and Zamani et al , Martell, Pyne, and Keenan (2016); Hatton et al (2006); Howerton et al (2007); Lewin and Farkas (2012); and Smirnova and Owens (2017) Refreshments/cosmetics/clothes 5 Fogel et al (2014); Oliver and Hairston (2008); Plugge et al (2008); Schonberg et al (2015); and Zamani et al (2016); Alves et al (2016); Enders et al (2005); Facchin and Margola (2016); and Harner et al (2011) Not stated 84…”

Drug importation into Italy by body packing: An analysis of the UNODC Individual Drug Seizures Database

“…Large drug-trafficking organisations dominate the drug market and have well-established international links to other trafficking regions, such as South America and Africa. 5 In order to better understand the magnitude of the problem and to give useful data concerning body packing drug importation into Italy, we analysed the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Individual Drug Seizures Report database. The UNODC has thematic programmes on research and trend analysis that permit management of global and regional data collections, provides scientific and forensic services, supports Member States in strengthening their data collection, research and forensics capacity, and regularly updates global statistical data on drug trafficking, drug production and drug use.…”

“…Large drug-trafficking organisations dominate the drug market and have well-established international links to other trafficking regions, such as South America and Africa. 5…”