Stratégies d'utilisation de l'habitat par les alevins post-émergents de truite commune (Salmo trutta) et de saumon Atlantique (Salmo salar)

Gaudin, Philippe; Héland, Michel; Vignes, Jean Claude

doi:10.1051/kmae:1995022

“…The habitat partitioning corroborates a general pattern found in previous studies (Karlströ m, 1977;Egglishaw & Shackley, 1982;Kennedy & Strange, 1982;Gibson & Cunjak, 1986;Heggenes & Saltveit, 1990;Haury et al, 1994). Laboratory experiments (Gaudin et al, 1995) indicate selective segregation between the two species at an early stage. Post-emergent alevins of brown trout feed more actively in the water column than do Atlantic salmon when water velocities are low.…”

Section: Habitat Partitioningsupporting

confidence: 90%

Static habitat partitioning and dynamic selection by sympatric young Atlantic salmon and brown trout in south-west England streams

Heggenes¹

2002

Journal of Fish Biology

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Direct underwater observation of micro-habitat use by 1838 young Atlantic salmon Salmo salar [mean L T 7·9 3·1(..) cm, range 3-19] and 1227 brown trout Salmo trutta (L T 10·9 5·0 cm, range 3-56) showed both species were selective in habitat use, with differences between species and fish size. Atlantic salmon and brown trout selected relatively narrow ranges for the two micro-habitat variables snout water velocity and height above bottom, but with differences between size-classes. The smaller fishes <7 cm held positions in slower water closer to the bottom. On a larger scale, the Atlantic salmon more often used shallower stream areas, compared with brown trout. The larger parr preferred the deeper stream areas. Atlantic salmon used higher and slightly more variable mean water velocities than brown trout. Substrata used by the two species were similar. Finer substrata, although variable, were selected at the snout position, and differences were pronounced between size-classes. On a meso-habitat scale, brown trout were more frequently observed in slow pool-glide habitats, while young Atlantic salmon favoured the faster high-gradient meso-habitats. Small juveniles <7 cm of both species were observed most frequently in riffle-chute habitats. Atlantic salmon and brown trout segregated with respect to use of habitat, but considerable niche overlap between species indicated competitive interactions. In particular, for small fishes <7 cm of the two species, there was almost complete niche overlap for use of water depth, while they segregated with respect to water velocity. Habitat suitability indices developed for both species for mean water velocity and water depth, tended to have their optimum at lower values compared with previous studies in larger streams, with Atlantic salmon parr in the small streams occupying the same habitat as favoured by brown trout in larger streams. The data indicate both species may be flexible in their habitat selection depending on habitat availability. Species-specific habitat overlap between streams may be complete. However, between-species habitat partitioning remains similar.2002 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

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“…Atlantic salmon were more closely associated with the bottom than brown trout, for both size classes. This is typical of the two species (Gaudin et al, 1995;Heggenes et al, 1999), and demonstrates partial selective segregation between the two species.…”

Section: Habitat Partitioningmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Laboratory experiments (Gaudin et al, 1995) indicate selective segregation between the two species at an early stage. Post-emergent alevins of brown trout feed more actively in the water column than do Atlantic salmon when water velocities are low.…”

Section: Habitat Partitioningmentioning

confidence: 96%

Static habitat partitioning and dynamic selection by sympatric young Atlantic salmon and brown trout in south‐west England streams

Heggenes

¹

,

Saltveit

²

,

Bird

³

et al. 2002

Journal of Fish Biology

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Direct underwater observation of micro-habitat use by 1838 young Atlantic salmon Salmo salar [mean L T 7·9 3·1(..) cm, range 3-19] and 1227 brown trout Salmo trutta (L T 10·9 5·0 cm, range 3-56) showed both species were selective in habitat use, with differences between species and fish size. Atlantic salmon and brown trout selected relatively narrow ranges for the two micro-habitat variables snout water velocity and height above bottom, but with differences between size-classes. The smaller fishes <7 cm held positions in slower water closer to the bottom. On a larger scale, the Atlantic salmon more often used shallower stream areas, compared with brown trout. The larger parr preferred the deeper stream areas. Atlantic salmon used higher and slightly more variable mean water velocities than brown trout. Substrata used by the two species were similar. Finer substrata, although variable, were selected at the snout position, and differences were pronounced between size-classes. On a meso-habitat scale, brown trout were more frequently observed in slow pool-glide habitats, while young Atlantic salmon favoured the faster high-gradient meso-habitats. Small juveniles <7 cm of both species were observed most frequently in riffle-chute habitats. Atlantic salmon and brown trout segregated with respect to use of habitat, but considerable niche overlap between species indicated competitive interactions. In particular, for small fishes <7 cm of the two species, there was almost complete niche overlap for use of water depth, while they segregated with respect to water velocity. Habitat suitability indices developed for both species for mean water velocity and water depth, tended to have their optimum at lower values compared with previous studies in larger streams, with Atlantic salmon parr in the small streams occupying the same habitat as favoured by brown trout in larger streams. The data indicate both species may be flexible in their habitat selection depending on habitat availability. Species-specific habitat overlap between streams may be complete. However, between-species habitat partitioning remains similar. 2002 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

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“…However, some studies suggest selective segregation between the two species at a very early stage. Post-emergent alevins of brown trout feed more actively in the water column than salmon do when water velocities are low (Gaudin et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Contrasting temperatures, waterflows, and light: seasonal habitat selection by young Atlantic salmon and brown trout in a boreonemoral river

Heggenes

¹

,

Dokk²

2001

Regul. Rivers: Res. Mgmt.

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Habitat use and habitat selection by young Atlantic salmon and brown trout were investigated by direct underwater observation. We sampled during winter and summer water temperatures (low: 3 -7°C; high: 9 -12°C) coinciding with low and high waterflows (12-20 and 60-80 m 3 s − 1 ), and during day and night in winter, and on six selected stations in the river. Observations of 396 salmon and 120 trout indicated a distinct seasonal pattern in behaviours and habitat selection. Feeding was the dominant behaviour at high water temperatures during summer. In winter, there was a diurnal pattern in behaviour; both species sheltered in interstitial spaces in the substrate during daylight, but during night held positions on or close to the substrate in slower flowing stream areas. Coarse substrate providing cover was therefore an important habitat factor during daylight at low water temperatures, while slow-flowing water was important during night. Although spatial niche overlap was considerable both in summer and winter, salmon and trout segregated with respect to meso-and microhabitat selection, and relatively more at low temperatures. Both species changed their use of mesohabitats towards more slow-flowing glide/flat habitats in winter. Irrespective of season, trout preferred in general more slow-flowing water than salmon did, but the difference was more pronounced in winter. Salmon used a wider range of water depths and in particular water velocities, than did trout. Both species were less tolerant of high water velocities at low water temperatures. The seasonal and diurnal pattern in habitat selection reported have important implications for habitat research and habitat-hydraulic modelling. Copyright

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Stratégies d'utilisation de l'habitat par les alevins post-émergents de truite commune (Salmo trutta) et de saumon Atlantique (Salmo salar)

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Static habitat partitioning and dynamic selection by sympatric young Atlantic salmon and brown trout in south-west England streams

Static habitat partitioning and dynamic selection by sympatric young Atlantic salmon and brown trout in south-west England streams

Static habitat partitioning and dynamic selection by sympatric young Atlantic salmon and brown trout in south‐west England streams

Contrasting temperatures, waterflows, and light: seasonal habitat selection by young Atlantic salmon and brown trout in a boreonemoral river

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