Strategies and Tactics of Manipulative Influence in Terms of Political Discource: Analysis and Classification

Abstract

Objective. The objective of the present article is to investigate the problem of defining the «strategy» and «tactics» of manipulative influence in political discourse, to study the existing classifications of scientific communication strategies and tactics and to analyze their features. Methods. The main scientific results are obtained by applying a set of general and special research methods, namely: analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific literature, induction, deduction (to identify approaches to understanding the nature of tactics and strategies of manipulative influence and their characteristics and features). Results. Discourse is one of the most important communicative categories that reflects speech interaction. The subject of special scientific interest is political discourse. Manipulation and mechanisms for choosing appropriate tactics and language tools play a leading role in political discourse. The influence of information flow on consciousness is an obvious fact. Most often, the manipulation is carried out in such a way that it is difficult to identify what the authors of the message or what tools they use. The urgency of studying the essence of strategies and tactics of manipulative influence on public opinion is explained by a large number of studies on this issue. Manipulation is a complex phenomenon, its implementation is carried out through the use of certain strategies and tactics. Manipulation involves a special presentation of information, which is carried out in such ways as distortion of information (from open untruth to shift the concept in the semantic, semantic field), which allows you to adjust the degree of psychological influence, create your own image of reality; concealment of information; manipulation with the method of submission of material and time of submission of information; subthreshold supply of information (taking into account the peculiarities of unconscious perception of information); overloading the recipient with information selected for a certain parameter. As the main objective of political communication is to gain and retain power, the description of the manipulative process uses appropriate strategies, tactics and language tools that are aimed at convincing the recipient of the correctness of their position as opposed to the position of political opponents.