“…Generally, more than 40% of the energy in airport terminals is consumed by the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system to provide comfortable thermal environment for passengers [ [15] , [16] , [17] ]. The number of passengers is directly related to the demand for fresh air and the load of the air conditioning system [ 8 , 18 ]. Besides, operations of other airport service and applications such as lighting, elevator, hot water, baggage delivery, business service and ground handling service are also significantly affected by passenger patterns [ 6 , 19 ].…”