Strategi Peningkatan Produktivitas Lada dengan Tajar Tinggi dan Pemangkasan Intensif serta Kemungkinan Adopsinya di Indonesia

Abstract

<p>RINGKASAN<br /><br />Lada merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor tradisional penting Indonesia. Capaian produktivitasnya secara nasional masih rendah (< 1.0 ton/ha), di bawah produktivitas negara penghasil utama lada lain seperti Vietnam, Brazil dan Malaysia. Banyak faktor yang diperkirakan berkontribusi terhadap rendahnya produktivitas. Faktor tersebut dapat berupa kendala teknis maupun non teknis. Di antara sejumlah kendala teknis, aspek agronomi seperti kebiasaan petani menggunakan tajar pendek (+3.0 m), pemupukan dan pemangkasan yang tidak optimal diduga kuat berkontribusi terhadap masih rendahnya capaian tersebut. Penggunaan tajar tinggi (> 5 m) disertai pemangkasan optimal, baik terhadap tanaman pokok lada maupun tajar hidupnya sangat berpotensi meningkatkan produktivtas rata-rata lada nasional lebih dari 1,5 ton/ha/th. Produksi dan produktivitas lada nasional diharapkan dapat lebih besar lagi apabila disertai penerapan aspek budidaya menanam lada lebih dari satu pohon per tajar. Sosialisasi dan penerapan ketiga aspek budidaya lada tersebut pada tingkat lapang secara terencana dan berkesinabungan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produksi dan produktivitas lada nasional.<br />Kata kunci: Lada, produktivitas, tajar hidup, pemang-kasan<br /><br />ABSTRACT<br />Strategy in Increase Productivity of Black Pepper With High Supports, Intensified Pruning and Its Adoption Possibility in Indonesia</p><p><br />Black pepper is an important and traditional export commodity of Indonesia. The mean productivity of Indonesian black pepper is low (< 1 ton/ha) which is much lower than those of other producing countries such as Vietnam, Brazil and Malaysia. There are number factors influencing the low productivity of black pepper vines in the country, both technical and non-technical constraints. Among them, agronomic aspects such as the use of short supports or standards of about + 3.0 m in height, and unintensified pruning of both black pepper vines and its live supports are believed to contributing low in yields of the crop. In other words, the use of live supports with height of more than 5.0 m, followed by intensified pruning of black pepper vines and its live supports are able to increase the mean national productivity of the crop of higher than of 1,5 tons ha/year. Higher in yields or productivity of black pepper vine may be achieved if farmers not only adopt the two agronomic aspects but also other recommended cultural practices do. Hence, socialization and implementation of the improved cultural practice technologies for the crop is needed in the future, in turn, higher in yield or productivity of the crop as well as income of farmers be achieved.<br />Keywords: Black pepper, productivity, live supports, pruning</p>

Increasing added value of living standards on pepper growth and production towards sustainable agriculture

“…It was suggested that living standard should have the following characteristics: a) Longevity, b) Allows pepper roots to attach firmly, c) Has no negative effects on pepper plants, such as competition for nutrients, water, and CO2, allelopathic effect, d) Easy and fast to grow and resistant to pruning, e) Economical and easy to obtain. Also, the stem diameter should not be too large, relatively resistant to pests and diseases [8], not a host for pests and diseases of pepper, from the Leguminosae family, and have deep roots. The living standards provide shade so that the microclimatic conditions below are affected, which results in all agronomic aspects of the plants underneath.…”

“…Pepper plants can grow at a temperature of 10-40 o C, and the ideal temperature is 23-32 o C [8], but due to the hot temperature throughout the third year > 30˚C in Muktiharjo, the sunlight penetrated more than 70 %, so the plants became dry and could not bear fruit. Nutrients can increase plant resistance to environmental stresses.…”

Farming Production Costs and Relative Competitiveness of Indonesian Black and White Peppers

“…Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMCRI) has released high-yielding pepper varieties with 2 -4.8 tons productivity.ha-1 (Wahyudi & Pribadi 2016). The use of live supports with more than 5.0 rm in height, followed by intensified pruning of black pepper vines and their live supports increased the productivity of black pepper higher than 1.5 tons.ha-1 per year (Daras 2016). Tjahjana et al (2012) reported that pepper productivity in Lampung yielded 1.6 tons.ha-1 from 7 years old plants fertilized with 1.6 kg NPKMg (12:12:17:2) per tree.…”

INOVASI TEKNOLOGI DAN INOVASI KELEMBAGAAN MENDUKUNG KEBERLANJUTAN USAHATANI LADA DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR / Technology and Institution Innovation Supporting the Sustainability of Pepper Farming System in East Kalimantan

“…Secara tradisional produksi lada di Kalimantan Timur menggunakan tiang panjat mati dengan jarak tanam bervariasi antara 1.5m x 1.5m sampai 2.0m x 1.8m dengan populasi antara 2700 tanaman hingga 4200 tanaman tiap ha. Penggunaan tajar hidup berukuran tinggi (> 5 m) yang dipangkas 3 kali setahun, dan pemangkasan tanaman pokok lada 3-4 kali hingga mencapai tinggi tajar yang diinginkan (5-6 m) disertai pemupukan berimbang dan penggunaan bibit unggul, berpotensi meningkatkan produksi dan produktivitas lada nasional secara signifikan (Daras 2015).…”