Strategi Jepang Dalam Mereformasi Administrasi : Literature Review

Abstract

Focus of this research is to describe administrative reform process in one country, by finding the strategies of administrative reform in transforming and developing administration system in Japan. Descriptive qualitative analysis by study literature and examining secondary data as a data collection method use in this research. The result show that there are three strategies successful of administrative reform: (1) reorganizations; (2) deregulations; and (3) decentralization. The conclusion of this research that are government must used its power to achieve the stated reform goals. The Japanese government has the courage non-populist policies by dissolving state ministries, recruiting civil servants, undertaking privatization, and gradually a bureaucratic culture that tends not to be innovative. Every change in Japan is preceded by an institutional order that is responsible for a particular problem and is ad-hoc (temporary). This shows that how Japan is controlled for certain problems by having targets that must be resolved. Realizing that political support is inevitable and even a necessity in implementing administrative reform in Japan.

Analysis of Policy Implementation on The Duties and Functions of the Cabinet Secretariat (Case Study: Function of Policy Recommendation)

“…Based on a review of previous research (see Shinoda, 2005 ;Seno, 2020 ;Hamburger & Weller, 2012;and Susanto, 2019), it can be concluded several things, first, the existence of the Cabinet Secretariat institution and its role in policy is very necessary. This is because the Cabinet Secretariat is the "right hand" and at the same time assists the President in managing the many policies that the President must handle.…”

“…However, after the Administrative Reform, institutional arrangements were carried out, One of which was the dissolution of several Ministries and the strengthening of Ministries/Institutions that were considered important, both in the context of tasks and functions as well as organizational structures and capacities (Seno, 2020). For example, the role of the Cabinet Secretariat is strengthened to be a policy coordinator, even politically above other Ministries/Institutions.…”