“…The Indonesian Constitution (UUD 1945) outlines the nation's commitment to protecting its citizens, promoting general welfare, and establishing a global order based on independence, lasting peace, and social justice. As society evolves, there is an increasing expectation for public services to be more accessible, efficient, and effective in order to achieve satisfaction and trust from the community (Ismayanti, 2015;Rahma, Khaerah, & Akbar, 2021). Bureaucratic reform aims to improve the quality of public services (Afrijal, Helmi, Latif, & Muliawati, 2022;Kurniawan, 2017), but the public's expectations continue to rise (Gnan, Hinna, Monteduro, & Scarozza, 2013;Provan & Milward, 2001;Teicher, Alam, & Van Gramberg, 2006).…”