Strangles in horses can be caused by vaccination with Pinnacle I. N.

Cursons, Raymond T.; Patty, Olivia Anne; Steward, Karen F.; Waller, Andrew S.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.009

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The intranasal mode of application should be such that an adequate amount of vaccine reaches the pharyngeal and lingual tonsils. Safety issues include residual virulence with formation of slowly developing mandibular abscesses in a proportion of vaccinates, nasal discharge, and occasional cases of immune‐mediated vasculitis (purpura). Since the vaccine contains live S. equi , accidental contamination of remote injection sites or metastatic (hematogenous/lymphatic) transfer from the pharynx will result in abscess formation at these locations.…”

Section: Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus equiInfections in Horses: Guidelines for Treatment, Control, and Prevention of Strangles—Revised Consensus Statement

Boyle

Timoney

Newton

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

139

284

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This consensus statement update reflects our current published knowledge and opinion about clinical signs, pathogenesis, epidemiology, treatment, complications, and control of strangles. This updated statement emphasizes varying presentations in the context of existing underlying immunity and carrier states of strangles in the transmission of disease. The statement redefines the “gold standard” for detection of possible infection and reviews the new technologies available in polymerase chain reaction diagnosis and serology and their use in outbreak control and prevention. We reiterate the importance of judicious use of antibiotics in horses with strangles. This updated consensus statement reviews current vaccine technology and the importance of linking vaccination with currently advocated disease control and prevention programs to facilitate the eradication of endemic infections while safely maintaining herd immunity. Differentiation between immune responses to primary and repeated exposure of subclinically infected animals and responses induced by vaccination is also addressed.

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Section: Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus equiInfections in Horses: Guidelines for Treatment, Control, and Prevention of Strangles—Revised Consensus Statement

Boyle

Timoney

Newton

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

139

284

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“…ST-395 is restricted to the Pinnacle IN live attenuated vaccine, which is produced by Zoetis. The CF32 strain (named USACF32 in Pathogenwatch), which was used as the basis of the Pinnacle IN vaccine [31], was attenuated by mutagenic treatment with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG), generating 68 point mutations, including two SNPs in spi that convert the allele 45 of ST-179 to allele 69 [10,32]. ST-395, therefore, represents an in vitro generated part of the MLST-defined population structure.…”

Section: Mlst Differentiates the S Equi Collection Into Six Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

Globetrotting strangles: the unbridled national and international transmission of Streptococcus equi between horses

et al. 2021

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The equine disease strangles, which is characterized by the formation of abscesses in the lymph nodes of the head and neck, is one of the most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases of horses around the world. The causal agent, Streptococcus equi subspecies equi , establishes a persistent infection in approximately 10 % of animals that recover from the acute disease. Such ‘carrier’ animals appear healthy and are rarely identified during routine veterinary examinations pre-purchase or transit, but can transmit S. equi to naïve animals initiating new episodes of disease. Here, we report the analysis and visualization of phylogenomic and epidemiological data for 670 isolates of S. equi recovered from 19 different countries using a new core-genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) web bioresource. Genetic relationships among all 670 S. equi isolates were determined at high resolution, revealing national and international transmission events that drive this endemic disease in horse populations throughout the world. Our data argue for the recognition of the international importance of strangles by the Office International des Épizooties to highlight the health, welfare and economic cost of this disease. The Pathogenwatch cgMLST web bioresource described herein is available for tailored genomic analysis of populations of S. equi and its close relative S. equi subspecies zooepidemicus that are recovered from horses and other animals, including humans, throughout the world. This article contains data hosted by Microreact.

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“…In this study, the vaccine strain was found to still be present in nasal swabs up to 36 days after vaccination and in tonsil swabs up to 46 days after vaccination which is potentially concerning because of the potential for reversion to virulence (Borst et al 2011). Cursons et al (2015) reported on a yearling filly and a 10 month-old filly that developed submandibular lymph node abscesses following vaccination with Pinnacle IN® (Zoetis, Florham Park, New Jersey).…”

Section: Commercially-available S Equi Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The infecting strains were found to be similar to the vaccine strain through genome sequencing (Cursons et al 2015).…”

Section: Commercially-available S Equi Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Immunologic Responses Following Intranasal and Oral Administration of a USDA-Approved, Live-Attenuated Streptococcus equi Vaccine

Delph

Davis

Bello

et al. 2018

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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Strangles in horses can be caused by vaccination with Pinnacle I. N.

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Streptococcus equiInfections in Horses: Guidelines for Treatment, Control, and Prevention of Strangles—Revised Consensus Statement

Streptococcus equiInfections in Horses: Guidelines for Treatment, Control, and Prevention of Strangles—Revised Consensus Statement

Globetrotting strangles: the unbridled national and international transmission of Streptococcus equi between horses

Comparison of Immunologic Responses Following Intranasal and Oral Administration of a USDA-Approved, Live-Attenuated Streptococcus equi Vaccine

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