Strain induced crystallization in vulcanized natural rubber containing ground tire rubber particles with reinforcement and nucleation abilities

Candau, Nicolas; Oğuz, Oğuzhan; Federico, Carlos Eloy; Stoclet, Grégory; Tahon, Jean-François; Maspoch, M. Ll.

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107313

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This consistently took place regardless of whether unsilanized and silanized HNT was used. As other studies have also reported similar observations 21,37,38 , this behaviour was common among filled composites. However, it is noteworthy that the crystallinity of the ENR matrix grew constantly due to the crystallisation of ENR and silanized HNT.…”

Section: Wide-angle X-ray Scatteringsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Moreover, supplemental interactions in the rubber network are also accountable for either accelerating or slowing the crystallisation rate, depending on interaction/ reaction taking place in the system. The findings of both Ozbas et al 37 and Candau et al 38 further emphasised that rubber-filler interactions may expedite SIC. As such, it can be concluded that rubber-filler interactions occurred as the silanization and coupling reaction is clearly responsible for speeding up the crystallisation process of rubber.…”

Section: Wide-angle X-ray Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Insight into Mechanical Properties and Strain-induced Crystallisation of Epoxidized Natural Rubber Filled with Various Silanized Halloysite Nanotubes

Masa

Hayeemasae

2022

Mat. Res.

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Natural rubber (NR) and halloysite nanotube (HNT) composites are known to perform poorly due to polarity differences between the two components. As such, many extant studies have attempted to increase their compatibility. Therefore, this study introduced epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) together with silane coupling agents into the composite to ensure rubber-filler interactions. Four different silanes namely bis-[(triethoxysilyl)propyl] disulphide (TESPD), bis[(triethoxysilyl)propyl] tetrasulfide (TESPT), triethoxyvinylsilane (VTEO), and 3-mercaptopropyl-di(tridecan-1-oxy-13-penta(ethyleneoxide)) ethoxysilane (VPSi-363) were used. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the composite confirmed the formation of hydrogen bonds between the silane as the peak of Si-O shifted to higher wavenumbers; i.e., 1080 cm -1 to 1042 cm -1 . Silane was also found to improve the tensile strength, modulus and tear strength regardless of functionality. This was further supported by the findings of the Payne effect. As for strain-induced crystallisation (SIC), the stress-strain curves agreed well with the development of crystallinity observed during synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis.

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Section: Wide-angle X-ray Scatteringsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Wide-angle X-ray Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 95%

Insight into Mechanical Properties and Strain-induced Crystallisation of Epoxidized Natural Rubber Filled with Various Silanized Halloysite Nanotubes

Masa

Hayeemasae

2022

Mat. Res.

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“…Therefore, silica nanoparticles weakly interact with NR elastomer and tend to agglomerate, which deteriorates the TS. In addition, the filler network may limit the tendency of NR to the stretch induced crystallization, which is a reason for the good mechanical properties of this elastomer [ 67 ]. Moreover, application of nanosized silica significantly decreased the crosslink density of NR vulcanizate as compared to the unfilled benchmark.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bromide and Chloride Ionic Liquids Applied to Enhance the Vulcanization and Performance of Natural Rubber Biocomposites Filled with Nanosized Silica

Maciejewska

Sowińska‐Baranowska

2022

Nanomaterials

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In this study, the possibility of using ionic liquids (ILs) as auxiliary substances improving the vulcanization and physicochemical properties of natural rubber (NR) biocomposites filled with nanosized silica was investigated. Hence, the influence of ILs with bromide and chloride anions and various cations, i.e., alkylimidazolium, alkylpyrrolidinium and alkylpiperidinium cation, on the curing characteristics and crosslink density of NR compounds was determined. Furthermore, the effect of nanosized silica and ILs on the functional properties of the obtained vulcanizates, including mechanical properties under static and dynamic conditions, hardness, thermal stability and resistance to thermo-oxidative aging, were explored. Applying nanosized silica improved the processing safety of NR compounds but significantly increased the optimal vulcanization time compared to the unfilled rubber. ILs significantly improved the cure characteristics of NR compounds by increasing the rate of vulcanization and the crosslink density of NR biocomposites. Consequently, the tensile strength and hardness of the vulcanizates significantly increased compared to that without ILs. Moreover, the use of nanosized silica and ILs had a favorable impact on the thermal stability of the vulcanizates and their resistance to prolonged thermo-oxidation.

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“…In the process of driving, the tires are subject to the action of alternating stress, the change of deformation and stress is not synchronous, leading to the phenomenon of hysteresis heat of tire produced by internal friction 1 . About 10% of the energy into tire heat loss, resulting in a lot of energy waste 2 . The poor thermal conductivity of rubber materials makes it impossible to conduct heat out in time, which gives rise to the heat gathering inside the rubber materials and increases the temperature, leading to the rubber materials easy to be oxidized 3 and their service life greatly to be reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 About 10% of the energy into tire heat loss, resulting in a lot of energy waste. 2 The poor thermal conductivity of rubber materials makes it impossible to conduct heat out in time, which gives rise to the heat gathering inside the rubber materials and increases the temperature, leading to the rubber materials easy to be oxidized 3 and their service life greatly to be reduced. When local temperature is too high, tires are easy to burst, but also can lead to traffic accidents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing dynamic heat build‐up of styrene butadiene rubber/carbon black by filling aramid pulp coated with natural rubber latex

Wang

Luo

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The manufacture of green tires with low heat build‐up has attracted extensive attention. Furthermore, the trouble to solve the problem of rubber failure caused by tires dynamic heat build‐up is a great challenge faced by the automotive tire industry. In this article, a method of preparing styrene butadiene rubber/carbon black/aramid pulp‐natural rubber latex (SBR/CB/AP‐NRL) composites was described in detail, which used AP coated with NRL to fill SBR/CB. A flexible interface layer was constructed between fibers and rubber matrix, making for forming a large specific surface area of the NRL. The mechanism of reducing heat build‐up of the rubber composite through “deforming transformation” in the flexible interface layer was discussed. In addition, the NRL interface layer contributed to the dispersion of the AP in the rubber matrix and the good interfacial bonding between AP and the rubber matrix. In the experiment of replacing a part of CB with a certain content of AP‐NRL, it was found that the temperature rise of the rubber composites decreased by 8.33% with 1 phr modified AP replacing 5 phr CB. The strategy of reducing dynamic heat build‐up of rubber composite provides a new idea for the development of green tire.

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Strain induced crystallization in vulcanized natural rubber containing ground tire rubber particles with reinforcement and nucleation abilities

Cited by 22 publications

References 48 publications

Insight into Mechanical Properties and Strain-induced Crystallisation of Epoxidized Natural Rubber Filled with Various Silanized Halloysite Nanotubes

Insight into Mechanical Properties and Strain-induced Crystallisation of Epoxidized Natural Rubber Filled with Various Silanized Halloysite Nanotubes

Bromide and Chloride Ionic Liquids Applied to Enhance the Vulcanization and Performance of Natural Rubber Biocomposites Filled with Nanosized Silica

Reducing dynamic heat build‐up of styrene butadiene rubber/carbon black by filling aramid pulp coated with natural rubber latex

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