Strain estimation for offshore wind turbines with jacket substructures using dual-band modal expansion

Henkel, Maximilian; Häfele, Jan; Weijtjens, Wout; Devriendt, Christof; Gebhardt, Cristian Guillermo; Rolfes, Raimund

doi:10.1016/j.marstruc.2020.102731

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The prior covariance matrix S is particularly important when the condition N 0 ≥ m is not met. This matrix contributes subjective information from the prior that allows the inversion of the matrix appearing in the first term of Equation (11) for values of N 0 < m.…”

Section: Bayesian Virtual Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following these works, the modal expansion and filtering techniques were applied for strain/stress virtual sensing [ 3 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ] and fatigue estimation [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ] for a number of structures using limited number of displacement/strain physical sensors. In particular, modal expansion techniques have been used in mechanical and aerospace systems for shape and/or strain reconstruction using sparse displacement and/or strain measurements [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ] or fusing acceleration and strain measurements [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, modal expansion techniques have been used in mechanical and aerospace systems for shape and/or strain reconstruction using sparse displacement and/or strain measurements [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ] or fusing acceleration and strain measurements [ 30 ]. The aforementioned studies cover a number of applications, including components of mechanical structures [ 1 , 2 ], components of civil structures such as railway bridges [ 20 ], wind turbine jacket substructures [ 11 ], truss structures [ 12 ], wind turbine towers [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 16 , 25 ], wind turbine blades [ 27 , 28 ], offshore structures [ 11 ], components of industrial structures [ 17 , 21 ], roller coaster [ 18 ], rotating [ 26 ] and underwater structures [ 13 ], as well as biologicaly inspired wing structures for robotic applications [ 29 ]. Recently, it is suggested to use virtual sensing in isolated linear components of linear and nonlinear models of structures [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ] considering the forces at the interface between the analyzed linear component and the rest of the structure as unknown forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Sensor Placement for Reliable Virtual Sensing Using Modal Expansion and Information Theory

Tulay

Papadimitriou

2021

Sensors

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A framework for optimal sensor placement (OSP) for virtual sensing using the modal expansion technique and taking into account uncertainties is presented based on information and utility theory. The framework is developed to handle virtual sensing under output-only vibration measurements. The OSP maximizes a utility function that quantifies the expected information gained from the data for reducing the uncertainty of quantities of interest (QoI) predicted at the virtual sensing locations. The utility function is extended to make the OSP design robust to uncertainties in structural model and modeling error parameters, resulting in a multidimensional integral of the expected information gain over all possible values of the uncertain parameters and weighted by their assigned probability distributions. Approximate methods are used to compute the multidimensional integral and solve the optimization problem that arises. The Gaussian nature of the response QoI is exploited to derive useful and informative analytical expressions for the utility function. A thorough study of the effect of model, prediction and measurement errors and their uncertainties, as well as the prior uncertainties in the modal coordinates on the selection of the optimal sensor configuration is presented, highlighting the importance of accounting for robustness to errors and other uncertainties.

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Section: Bayesian Virtual Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Sensor Placement for Reliable Virtual Sensing Using Modal Expansion and Information Theory

Tulay

Papadimitriou

2021

Sensors

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“…The scientific literature harbours sixteen publications on offshore wind and lifetime extension (search in Table 3), all of which appear relevant upon scanning the abstracts (Figure 3). The articles primarily discuss structural health monitoring and fatigue assessments [180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193], data systems [194] and decision-making to either extend the lifetime, repower or decommission [195], aligning well with alternative circular economy terminologies suggested during the Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult workshop (Table 2), such as "digital twin" and "residual strength determination". Alternative searches (Table 3) rendering significant results are "fatigue life" (190 publications) and "remaining life" (17), suggesting that these are more common terms than "lifetime extension" within the offshore wind community.…”

Section: Lifetime Extensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework and Baseline for the Integration of a Sustainable Circular Economy in Offshore Wind

Velenturf

2021

Energies

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Circular economy and renewable energy infrastructure such as offshore wind farms are often assumed to be developed in synergy as part of sustainable transitions. Offshore wind is among the preferred technologies for low-carbon energy. Deployment is forecast to accelerate over ten times faster than onshore wind between 2021 and 2025, while the first generation of offshore wind turbines is about to be decommissioned. However, the growing scale of offshore wind brings new sustainability challenges. Many of the challenges are circular economy-related, such as increasing resource exploitation and competition and underdeveloped end-of-use solutions for decommissioned components and materials. However, circular economy is not yet commonly and systematically applied to offshore wind. Circular economy is a whole system approach aiming to make better use of products, components and materials throughout their consecutive lifecycles. The purpose of this study is to enable the integration of a sustainable circular economy into the design, development, operation and end-of-use management of offshore wind infrastructure. This will require a holistic overview of potential circular economy strategies that apply to offshore wind, because focus on no, or a subset of, circular solutions would open the sector to the risk of unintended consequences, such as replacing carbon impacts with water pollution, and short-term private cost savings with long-term bills for taxpayers. This study starts with a systematic review of circular economy and wind literature as a basis for the coproduction of a framework to embed a sustainable circular economy throughout the lifecycle of offshore wind energy infrastructure, resulting in eighteen strategies: design for circular economy, data and information, recertification, dematerialisation, waste prevention, modularisation, maintenance and repair, reuse and repurpose, refurbish and remanufacturing, lifetime extension, repowering, decommissioning, site recovery, disassembly, recycling, energy recovery, landfill and re-mining. An initial baseline review for each strategy is included. The application and transferability of the framework to other energy sectors, such as oil and gas and onshore wind, are discussed. This article concludes with an agenda for research and innovation and actions to take by industry and government.

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“…These harmful loads include the influence of wind and water: waves, ocean currents, and even atmospheric precipitation [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. In difficult marine conditions, in addition to mechanical static loads, material fatigue and environmental destruction mechanisms play a decisive role in assessing structural durability [ 7 , 8 ]. According to the “DNV-RP-C201 Recommended Practice—Environmental Conditions and Environmental Loads” standard [ 9 ], environmental conditions affect design and technological decisions on which the life of the structure depends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity of Bead-on-Plate Welds Made with the Use of Stored Flux-Cored Wires for Offshore Applications

Świerczyńska

Landowski

2020

Materials

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Extreme atmospheric conditions in the marine and offshore industry are harmful to engineering materials, especially to welded joints, and may cause degradation of their properties. This article presents the results of research on the plasticity of bead-on-plate welds made using two types of seamless, copper plated flux-cored wires. Before welding, spools with wire were stored for 1 month in two distinct locations with different geographical and industrial conditions in Poland, and then subjected to visual examination. Bead-on-plate welds were subjected to a static tensile test and on this basis plasticity indexes showing the effect of storage on plasticity were determined. The fractures after tensile tests and the surfaces of the wires were examined on an electron scanning microscope. Additionally, diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal measurements for each condition were carried out. The highest degradation level was found for wire stored in an agricultural building in north-eastern Poland—there was an almost fourfold decrease in the plasticity index value and the highest diffusible hydrogen content. For the same wire and the same location, the largest difference was also observed in fracture morphology after the tensile test—ductile fracture was obtained for wire at delivery condition while an almost full cleavage fracture was found after relatively short (1 month) storage of wire.

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Strain estimation for offshore wind turbines with jacket substructures using dual-band modal expansion

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Optimal Sensor Placement for Reliable Virtual Sensing Using Modal Expansion and Information Theory

Optimal Sensor Placement for Reliable Virtual Sensing Using Modal Expansion and Information Theory

A Framework and Baseline for the Integration of a Sustainable Circular Economy in Offshore Wind

Plasticity of Bead-on-Plate Welds Made with the Use of Stored Flux-Cored Wires for Offshore Applications

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