Strain differences in urinary factors that promote calcium oxalate crystal formation in the kidneys of ethylene glycol-treated rats

Li, Yan; McMartin, Kenneth E.

doi:10.1152/ajprenal.90727.2008

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…In this model, the daily fluid consumption, 24-h urine volume, and creatinine excretion (when adjusted by body weight) were not different between strains and were not affected by EG treatment (34). After 2-wk treatment with EG in this model, urinary and plasma oxalate concentrations were markedly increased (5-to 20-fold) in Wistar rats, but were not significantly increased in F344 rats (34).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Previous studies using this treatment regimen showed that the EG treatment did not affect body weight or body weight gain in either rat strain (34). Compared with the age-matched Wistar rats, F344 rats did have lower body weights in both control and treated groups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…For example, the greater degree of COMinduced renal damage in Wistar rats is not due to a difference in the sensitivities to COM toxicity in the proximal tubule cells between the two rat strains (15). We showed that one factor in the strain-related difference in the deposition of COM crystals is the different supersaturation state of the calcium oxalate in urine, allowing for greater COM crystal formation in the Wistar rat (34).…”

mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…On day 14, rats were anesthetized and blood samples were collected for preparation of plasma. Urine and plasma samples were acidified and their oxalate contents were analyzed with an oxalate assay kit from Trinity Biotech (Wicklow, Ireland), which employs the oxalate oxidase method as described previously (34).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Involvement of urinary proteins in the rat strain difference in sensitivity to ethylene glycol-induced renal toxicity

McLaren

McMartin

2010

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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Li Y, McLaren MC, McMartin KE. Involvement of urinary proteins in the rat strain difference in sensitivity to ethylene glycol-induced renal toxicity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 299: F605-F615, 2010. First published June 9, 2010 doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00419.2009 exposure is a common model for kidney stones, because animals accumulate calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) in kidneys. Wistar rats are more sensitive to EG than Fischer 344 (F344) rats, with greater COM deposition in kidneys. The mechanisms by which COM accumulates differently among strains are poorly understood. Urinary proteins inhibit COM adhesion to renal cells, which could alter COM deposition in kidneys. We hypothesize that COM accumulates more in Wistar rat kidneys because of lower levels of inhibitory proteins in urine. Wistar and F344 rats were treated with 0.75% EG in drinking water for 8 wk. Twenty-four-hour urine was collected every 2 wk for analysis of urinary proteins. Similar studies were conducted for 2 wk using 2% hydroxyproline (HP) as an alternative oxalate source. Total urinary protein was higher in F344 than Wistar rats at all times. Tamm-Horsfall protein was not different between strains. Osteopontin (OPN) levels in Wistar urine and kidney tissue were higher and were further increased by EG treatment. This increase in OPN occurred before renal COM accumulation. Untreated F344 rats showed greater CD45 and ED-1 staining in kidneys than untreated Wistars; in contrast, EG treatment increased CD45 and ED-1 staining in Wistars more than in F344 rats, indicating macrophage infiltration. This increase occurred in parallel with the increase in OPN and before COM accumulation. Like EG, HP induced markedly greater oxalate concentrations in the plasma and urine of Wistar rats compared with F344 rats. These results suggest that OPN upregulation and macrophage infiltration do not completely protect against COM accumulation and may be a response to crystal retention. Because the two oxalate precursors, EG and HP, produced similar elevations of oxalate, the strain difference in COM accumulation may result more so from metabolic differences between strains than from differences in urinary proteins or inflammatory responses. calcium oxalate crystals; Tamm-Horsfall protein; osteopontin; macrophage infiltration; inflammation CALCIUM OXALATE MONOHYDRATE (COM) is the most prevalent crystalline constituent in kidney stones. Chronic low-dose administration of ethylene glycol (EG) to rats is often used to model stone formation (13,26). Oxalate metabolism in humans and rats is considered to be similar (25). Chronic hyperoxaluria can induce oxalate crystal aggregate formation in both humans and rats (13, 26), although formation of stones per se in rats is rare and usually requires marked hyperoxaluria. The rat is the most commonly used animal among all animal models for the study of kidney stone disease (28). However, the variant sensitivity to COM accumulation among different rat strains is not widely known. Cruzan et al. (5) reported a strain-related differen...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 71%

mentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Involvement of urinary proteins in the rat strain difference in sensitivity to ethylene glycol-induced renal toxicity

McLaren

McMartin

2010

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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“…Ethylene glycol is metabolised to glycolate and glyoxylate which cause tissue destruction particularly due to COM deposition in the renal tissue. The oxalic acid formed by the metabolism combines with calcium to form calcium oxalate which gets deposited in the kidney leading to renal failure [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of astaxanthin on ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasis

Alex¹,

Varghese²,

Abhilash³

et al. 2013

IOSR-JPBS

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Glycols

Cavendar,

Keenan

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Glycols are generally organic molecules that contain two hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbons. Some include organic molecules with two hydroxyl groups on carbon atom that are not adjacent to each other. All of these chemicals are correctly called diols. Ethylene glycol is the simplest diol with the formula (CH 2 OH) 2 . The main uses of ethane‐1,2‐diol are as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for antifreeze formulations. It is an odorless, colorless, sweet‐tasting, viscous liquid that can cause kidney damage in children and pets who may drink the sweet liquid. Propylene glycol or propane‐1,2‐diol does not cause kidney damage and is produced on a large scale primarily for the production of polymers, and in smaller quantities used in food applications, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Many molecules of ethane‐1,2‐diol can be connected via ether linkages to produce polyethylene glycol or PEG which can have molecular weights in the thousands. As with many organic chemicals, the higher the molecular weight, the lower the toxicity.

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Strain differences in urinary factors that promote calcium oxalate crystal formation in the kidneys of ethylene glycol-treated rats

Cited by 31 publications

References 40 publications

Involvement of urinary proteins in the rat strain difference in sensitivity to ethylene glycol-induced renal toxicity

Involvement of urinary proteins in the rat strain difference in sensitivity to ethylene glycol-induced renal toxicity

Effect of astaxanthin on ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasis

Glycols

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