Abstract:Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32(12):1336-1340, dezembro 2012 1336 RESUMO.-[Strain e strain rate por meio de ecocardiograϐia speckle traking bidimensional em um lobo-guará.] A obtenção de parâmetros cardiovasculares em animais selvagens são importantes de serem avaliados, assim como em animais de companhia, para a obtenção da função miocárdica e determinação precoce de alterações cardíacas que poderiam evoluir para insuϐiciência cardíaca . A ecocardiograϐia speckle tracking (2D STE) é uma ferramenta nova que tem sido uti… Show more
“…The E wave exhibited a mean velocity peak (89.6±1.43cm/s) greater than that of the A wave (74.9±1.22cm/s), and this pattern has also been reported for dogs of different breeds (Boon, 2011), minipigs (Lee et al, 2007 and maned wolves (Mantovani et al, 2012). These data allowed the evaluation of the diastolic function of the animals in this study as described for sedated minipigs (Lee et al, 2007) and maned wolves (Mantovani et al, 2012) that have been submitted to similar protocols (Lee et al, 2007). TDI has been demonstrated to be a sensitive technique for the quantitative evaluation of segmental myocardial movement (Wess et al, 2011) and is reproducible for examinations of basal cardiac function (D'Hooge et al, 2000)) in peccaries.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 62%
“…The Doppler echocardiographic evaluation revealed a maximal aortic velocity (AVmax; 124.4±33.7cm/s) that was greater than the flow velocity in the pulmonary artery (Pmax; 78.2±2.3cm/s), as has been reported for domestic pigs (AVmax: 87±0.04; Pmax: 72±0.06) and minipigs (AVmax: 84±0.06; Pmax: 66±0.02cm/s) (Lee et al, 2007). The E wave exhibited a mean velocity peak (89.6±1.43cm/s) greater than that of the A wave (74.9±1.22cm/s), and this pattern has also been reported for dogs of different breeds (Boon, 2011), minipigs (Lee et al, 2007 and maned wolves (Mantovani et al, 2012). These data allowed the evaluation of the diastolic function of the animals in this study as described for sedated minipigs (Lee et al, 2007) and maned wolves (Mantovani et al, 2012) that have been submitted to similar protocols (Lee et al, 2007).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 54%
“…In veterinary medicine for domestic animals, echocardiographic parameters are well documented, and standardized values are available for several species including canines, felines, equines and domestic pigs (Lee et al, 2007;Boon, 2011). However, few studies have examined the hemodynamics and cardiac functions of wild animals (Cetin et al, 2005;Mantovani et al, 2012;Diniz et al, 2017). This is the first study to report measurements of the echocardiographic variables of chemically restrained peccaries (Tayassu tajacu).…”
Peccaries are wild mammals belonging to the Tayassu genus that are found almost everywhere in the Americas and have demonstrated great potential as an experimental model for scientific investigations. Twelve healthy adult animals were sedated to perform echocardiographic examinations in B, M and Doppler mode. The variables that exhibited statistically significant correlation coefficients with weight were LVFWd, LVIDd, LVIDs, E wave, A’RV, MAM, and TAPSE. The HR exhibited a negative relationship with the IVRT. The LA variable showed a positive correlation with the AO. The MAM exhibited correlations with the LVIDd and LVIDs. The TAPSE showed positive correlations with the E’RV and A’RV. The present study provides the first reference values for echocardiographic measurements in B, M and Doppler modes from peccaries anesthetized with ketamine and midazolam. Echocardiography was easy to perform in collared peccaries, and the collected data revealed values that can aid in their clinical management and conservation.
“…The E wave exhibited a mean velocity peak (89.6±1.43cm/s) greater than that of the A wave (74.9±1.22cm/s), and this pattern has also been reported for dogs of different breeds (Boon, 2011), minipigs (Lee et al, 2007 and maned wolves (Mantovani et al, 2012). These data allowed the evaluation of the diastolic function of the animals in this study as described for sedated minipigs (Lee et al, 2007) and maned wolves (Mantovani et al, 2012) that have been submitted to similar protocols (Lee et al, 2007). TDI has been demonstrated to be a sensitive technique for the quantitative evaluation of segmental myocardial movement (Wess et al, 2011) and is reproducible for examinations of basal cardiac function (D'Hooge et al, 2000)) in peccaries.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 62%
“…The Doppler echocardiographic evaluation revealed a maximal aortic velocity (AVmax; 124.4±33.7cm/s) that was greater than the flow velocity in the pulmonary artery (Pmax; 78.2±2.3cm/s), as has been reported for domestic pigs (AVmax: 87±0.04; Pmax: 72±0.06) and minipigs (AVmax: 84±0.06; Pmax: 66±0.02cm/s) (Lee et al, 2007). The E wave exhibited a mean velocity peak (89.6±1.43cm/s) greater than that of the A wave (74.9±1.22cm/s), and this pattern has also been reported for dogs of different breeds (Boon, 2011), minipigs (Lee et al, 2007 and maned wolves (Mantovani et al, 2012). These data allowed the evaluation of the diastolic function of the animals in this study as described for sedated minipigs (Lee et al, 2007) and maned wolves (Mantovani et al, 2012) that have been submitted to similar protocols (Lee et al, 2007).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 54%
“…In veterinary medicine for domestic animals, echocardiographic parameters are well documented, and standardized values are available for several species including canines, felines, equines and domestic pigs (Lee et al, 2007;Boon, 2011). However, few studies have examined the hemodynamics and cardiac functions of wild animals (Cetin et al, 2005;Mantovani et al, 2012;Diniz et al, 2017). This is the first study to report measurements of the echocardiographic variables of chemically restrained peccaries (Tayassu tajacu).…”
Peccaries are wild mammals belonging to the Tayassu genus that are found almost everywhere in the Americas and have demonstrated great potential as an experimental model for scientific investigations. Twelve healthy adult animals were sedated to perform echocardiographic examinations in B, M and Doppler mode. The variables that exhibited statistically significant correlation coefficients with weight were LVFWd, LVIDd, LVIDs, E wave, A’RV, MAM, and TAPSE. The HR exhibited a negative relationship with the IVRT. The LA variable showed a positive correlation with the AO. The MAM exhibited correlations with the LVIDd and LVIDs. The TAPSE showed positive correlations with the E’RV and A’RV. The present study provides the first reference values for echocardiographic measurements in B, M and Doppler modes from peccaries anesthetized with ketamine and midazolam. Echocardiography was easy to perform in collared peccaries, and the collected data revealed values that can aid in their clinical management and conservation.
“…The subjective analysis of segmental contractions did not note any complications related to the action of the anesthetic agents applied and noticed that the values for left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) by the Teicholz method and for the ejection fraction (EF) were maintained. The evaluation of a maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) under the same protocol (Mantovani et al 2012) presented similarities in the assessment of the systolic function in M-Mode, arterial ow, pulmonary ow and transmitral ow. The animal in question was described to weight 29 kg and, after adjusting the weight and the measurements obtained in the allometric scale (Cornell et al 2004), the values were similar to those observed in this study.…”
The cardiac evaluation of wild animals is still a wide and largely unknown field for several species. Therefore, through complimentary examinations such as radiography, echocardiography and serum troponin levels, this study aimed at describing the values observed in 12 crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) anesthetized with a combination of intramuscular ketamine and midazolam. Through the use of this chemical restraint, a clinical, radiographic and echocardiographic (linear and indexed values in M-mode) evaluation of the 12 male specimens included in the sample group. Among the findings observed in comparison with domesticated dogs were a decrease in the dimensions of the septum, wall and cavity of the left ventricle, as well as a deceleration in the E wave (EDT), which could be correlated with the maintenance of the serum troponin dosage values (cTnI). Therefore, M-mode echocardiography has proven to be safer and comparative to other species of wild canids when performed through indexed values. In addition, when evaluating the systolic function and segmentary contractions, the anesthetic combination did not have any effects on the results of complementary examinations performed in crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) included in this study.
“…7 Although strain analysis by speckle tracking (2D-ST) is well established in veterinary medicine for companion animals, it remains scarce in the literature. 8 The Rhesus monkey is the most commonly used non-human primate in scientific research, despite the wide variety of species potentially available for preclinical studies. 9 Given the large population and availability of capuchin monkeys throughout Brazil, the present study acquired conventional echocardiographic measurements and evaluated myocardial function using the speckle tracking technique to verify the applicability of these animals as models for the study of cardiovascular alterations in humans.…”
Introduction: The capuchin monkey is a type of nonhuman primate that has shown great potential for preclinical studies because of its anatomical and physiological similarities to humans. Objective: To study the indices of myocardial deformation in anesthetized capuchin monkeys using speckle tracking. Methods: Sixteen animals from the Zoobotanical Park, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, were used and chemically restrained using a combination of ketamine and midazolam. Echocardiography recordings were obtained in B, M and Doppler modes, and strain and strain rate were measured using speckle tracking. Results: The variables that showed statistically significant correlation coefficients in relation to weight were LVFWd, LVIDd, LVIDs, E wave, A'RV, MAM and TAPSE. HR showed a positive correlation with the E wave and A wave and a negative correlation with IVRT. FS presented a positive correlation with the E/A wave relationship (r = 0.61). TAPSE showed positive correlations with E'RV and A'RV. The values obtained for circumferential (-18.17 ± 4.68%), radial (47.13 ± 5.24%) and longitudinal (-26.46 ± 5.15%) strain for the capuchin monkeys were within the normal ranges for males and females. Conclusion: The present study provides the first reference values for echocardiographic measurements in B, M and Doppler modes for capuchin monkeys anesthetized with ketamine and midazolam. The strain and strain rate values obtained using speckle tracking showed similarities with those obtained in humans, suggesting that this tool has the potential to be exploited in preclinical studies using the capuchin monkey model.
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