Strabismus, refractive errors and nystagmus in children and young adults with Down syndrome

Ljubic, Antonela; Trajkovski, Vladimir; Stanković, Branislav

doi:10.3109/13816810.2011.592175

Cited by 40 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Because Down syndrome patients often have hyperopia [1][2][3][4][5], we allowed several age-matched children with hyperopia to be enrolled in the study, as well as children with emmetropia. The control group had a range of spherical equivalents (−1.75 D to 6.5 D) similar to that in the children with Down syndrome.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macular structural characteristics in children with Down syndrome

O'Brien

Wang

Smith

et al. 2015

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children with Down syndrome are known to be at increased risk for ocular abnormalities, including significant refractive error, strabismus, nystagmus, and even cataracts [1][2][3][4][5]. Poor optical quality at an early age has implications for retinal and cortical image quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Macular structural characteristics in children with Down syndrome

O'Brien

Wang

Smith

et al. 2015

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…Japanese children have the same tendency. Moreover, there have been numerous previous reports of hypertropia,2,4,5,8–10 with the percentage ranging from 1.3 to 8.9. In specific, the superior overelevation in adduction has reportedly been observed in few children,4,5,27 yet it was observed in 39 subjects (44.8%) in this present study and was primarily related to the head tilt, which is one of the important elements in strabismus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DS subjects also have systemic anomalies and experience delay in development. Several studies have reported that children with DS are afflicted with below-normal visual acuity (VA), as well as refractive error 10–24…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular findings in Japanese children with Down syndrome: the course of visual acuity and refraction, and systemic and ocular anomalies

Terai

Eda

Sugasawa

et al. 2018

OPTH

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PurposeTo investigate the age-related development of refractive errors and changes of visual acuity (VA), and the systemic and ocular anomalies in Japanese children and young adults with Down syndrome (DS).DesignRetrospective cohort study.Subjects and methodsThis study involved 222 Japanese children and young adults with DS (age range: 3 months to 19 years) seen at the Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga Medical Center for Children, Shiga, Japan. The subjects were divided into the following six age groups: 1) infant (age 0 to <4 years), 2) preschool (age 4 to <7 years), 3) lower primary-school grades (age 7 to <10 years), 4) upper primary-school grades (age 10 to <13 years), 5) junior high school (age 13 to <16 years), and 6) late teen/young adults (age 16 to <20 years). Through examination of the subjects’ medical charts, we investigated the development and changes of refractive errors and VA, best-corrected VA (BCVA), and systemic and ocular anomalies.ResultsFor vision testing, Teller Acuity Cards™ (Bernell Corporation) were used for the infants, and the Landolt ring was used for the school-age children. VA was found to develop with age. Mean BCVA was 0.19±0.17 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (mean age: 11.3±3.2 years). Mean of refractive errors was hyperopia in the infant (2.2±2.4 diopters [D] OD, 2.4±2.5D OS), yet became myopia to the junior high school (−0.3±4.4D OD, −0.2±4.4D OS).ConclusionOur findings revealed that in children and in late-teen and young-adult subjects with DS, VA slowly develops and that refractive errors requiring correction exist and are difficult to examine.

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“…A pesar que los TO, son los trastornos más recurrentes en nuestra serie (25,7%), son inferiores al 38,47y 60% reportados por Liza-Sharmini 10 , Sandfeld-Nielsen 11 y Stephen E 12 y similar al 26% reportado por Ljubic 13 . Suponemos que esta disparidad se debe al tamaño muestral de los primeros autores en relación al de Ljubic y el nuestro (menos de 70 pacientes vs 176 y 253).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified