Stormwater Runoff Treatment Using Pervious Concrete Modified with Various Nanomaterials: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Clean water is a vital need for all living creatures during their lifespan. However, contaminated stormwater is a major issue around the globe. A wide range of contaminants, including heavy metals, organic and inorganic impurities, has been discovered in stormwater. Some commonly utilized methods, such as biological, physical and chemical procedures, have been considered to overcome these issues. However, these current approaches result in moderate to low contaminant removal efficiencies for certain classes of contaminants. Of late, filtration and adsorption processes have become more featured in permeable concretes (PCs) for the treatment of stormwater. As nanoparticles have vast potential and unique characterizations, such as a higher surface area to cure polluted stormwater, employing them to improve permeable concretes’ capabilities in stormwater treatment systems is an effective way to increase filtration and adsorption mechanisms. The present study reviews the removal rate of different stormwater contaminants such as heavy metals, organic and other pollutants using nanoparticle-improved PC. The application of different kinds of nanomaterials in PC as porous media to investigate their influences on the properties of PC, including the permeability rate, compressive strength, adsorption capacity and mix design of such concrete, was also studied. The findings of this review show that different types of nanomaterials improve the removal efficiency, compressive strength and adsorption capacity and decrease the infiltration rate of PC during the stormwater treatment process. With regard to the lack of comprehensive investigation concerning the use of nanomaterials in PC to treat polluted stormwater runoff, this study reviews 242 published articles on the removal rate of different stormwater contaminants by using PC improved with nanoparticles.

Assessment of Residual Chlorine Interaction with Different Microelements in Stormwater Sediments

“…The following model was obtained on the results of correlation. CCl = 0.8779 CK + 1.3531 CFe < 0.6628 CCu + 0.4155 CZn (1) Research data demonstrate that Cl concentration occurred in the environment more than twice that of K and four times higher of that on Zn. When the concentrations of the above-mentioned elements increase, the concentrations of Cl also increase.…”

“…It follows that stormwater treatment must meet the highest standards in order to negate the impact of harmful substances on ecosystems such as rivers and lakes. Research categorises contaminants present in stormwater as follows: heavy metals; pollutant organic compounds; and other pollutants [ 1 ]. Such pollutants entering bodies of water due to runoff harm the environment destroys the natural water ecosystems [ 2 , 3 ].…”