Storm Surge Hazard Assessment of the Levee of a Rapidly Developing City-Based on LiDAR and Numerical Models

Abstract

Rapidly developing cities could require an urgent hazard assessment to ensure the protection of their economy and population against natural disasters. However, these cities that have rapidly developed should have historical records of observations that are too short to provide sufficient data information for such an assessment. This study used ocean numerical models (i.e., Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) and Parabolic Mild-Slope Wave Module (MIKE 21 PMS) to reconstruct data for a storm surge hazard assessment of the levee at Weifang (China). LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data were also used to obtain 3D point cloud data and the structure of the levee. The designed levee height was calculated based on the simulations and 3D point cloud data, and the results were compared with measured heights to evaluate whether the levee is sufficiently high to satisfy the safety requirement. The findings of this work will enhance the marine disaster prevention capacity of the region and could help reduce economic losses associated with marine-related disasters. The results could also provide support for future work on disaster prevention in the field of coastal marine engineering.

Extraction of Coastal Levees Using U-Net Model with Visible and Topographic Images Observed by High-Resolution Satellite Sensors

“…In addition, there are many countries where such GIS data are not available. In this context, for example, methods have been proposed to locate levees from LIDAR data using semi-automatic algorithms [ 15 , 16 ], but such data are not yet fully available [ 17 ]. Therefore, improvements in the availability and quality of levee data are needed in order to improve the accuracy of inundation simulations.…”

“…Even in areas where GIS data on levees are available, the data may not correctly reflect current levees because they might have been created at an earlier date, or some of the data may contain errors or omissions. For example, in Japan, the coastal protection facility data included in the Digital National Land Information [14] is a comprehensive data set that includes coastal levee information, but the base date of the data currently available is 15 March 2012, about 12 years ago, and these data do not necessarily represent the current shape of individual coastal protection facilities and, therefore, may be erroneous [14]. In addition, there are many countries where such GIS data are not available.…”

Integrated Runoff-Storm Surge Flood Hazard Mapping Associated with Tropical Cyclones in the Suburbs of La Paz, Baja California Sur, México

“…In urban environments where the landscape is ever-changing, spatial factors such as ground cover, green spaces, and drainage systems have a significant impact [6,7]. On the other hand, storm surges are considered among the most disastrous marine/coastal hazards especially in combination with astronomical high tides and waves [8][9][10]. The processes which drive these phenomena are related to factors such as atmospheric pressure and surface stress [11], while impacts inland are further related to bathymetry and topography of the coastal area, angle of approach, vegetation, and urbanization [12][13][14].…”

“…A river-creek flooding hazard can be determined by geomorphological approaches [15], GIS analysis [5,16], and hydraulic modeling in 1-D or 2-D [3,17,18]. In the case of storm surges, statistical approaches [19] andnumerical modeling [10,20] are used to define the height of the surge, while a DEM-GIS approach [21,22] and hydrodynamic modeling [23,24] can define storm surge inundation.…”

Two-Dimensional LiDAR Sensor-Based Three-Dimensional Point Cloud Modeling Method for Identification of Anomalies inside Tube Structures for Future Hypersonic Transportation

“…Because of its high accuracy, LiDAR is used in various fields such as surveying, geology, atmosphere, industry, etc. [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. There has recently been a surge in research on facility-related detection systems using LiDAR.…”