Storage stability of synfuels from oil shale. 3. Studies with actual shale-derived middle distillates

Frankenfeld, John W.; Taylor, William F.; Brinkman, Dennis W.

doi:10.1021/i300012a020

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This explanation must apply to many fuels; when it does, the fuel stability should be improved as the reactive components are consumed, and examples have been reported (Bowden and Brinkman, 1980;Stavinoha and Brinkman, 1981). Some nitrogen and sulfur compounds increase deposit formation and some do not (Frankenfeld et al, 1983). The considerable recent literature on deposits from 2,5-dimethylpyrrole in fuels shows mostly that this compound is unusually reactive in oxidation and that its oxidation product is unusually insoluble.…”

Section: (5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gum and deposit formation from jet turbine and diesel fuels at 130.degree.C

Mayo¹,

Lan²

1986

Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev.

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The ultimate objective of this work is to devise an accelerated test to compare rates of soluble gum and deposit formation from jet turbine and diesel fuels in storage and of hard deposits on hot engine parts. This paper describes rates of oxygen absorption and gum formation in air at 130 "C. For a single fuel or hydrocarbon, the rate of gum formation is closely proportional to the oxygen absorbed, even when this rate varies with purification and additives. In general, pure hydrocarbons absorb oxygen much faster than the fuels, but the fuels and 2-ethylnaphthalene give more gum for the oxygen absorbed than the other pure hydrocarbons. Gum has two main sources. One appears to be associated with the chain termination mechanism in oxidation, the other with coupling of fuel molecules by peroxides in the absence of oxygen. Other possibilities are discussed.

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Section: (5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gum and deposit formation from jet turbine and diesel fuels at 130.degree.C

Mayo¹,

Lan²

1986

Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev.

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“…The difficulty of removal of nitrogen from pyrrole-types has also been noted by other workers (Ford et al, 1981;Holmes and Thompson, 1983). The resistance to HDN of pyrrolic compounds is important as these compounds are known to produce fuel instability (Frankenfeld et al, 1983).…”

Section: Chemical Characterization Of Hydrotreated Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalyst performance in continuous hydrotreating of Rundle shale oil

Harvey¹,

Matheson²,

Pratt³

et al. 1986

Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev.

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The 100-400 °C fraction of Rundle shale oil has been processed over three commercial sulfide hydrotreating catalysts at 400 °C, 13.8-MPa hydrogen pressure, and 1.0-tT1 LHSV. Ni-W/Si02-Al203 deactivated rapidly, Co-Mo/AI203 was effective, and Ni-Mo/AI203 was most effective. The Ni-Mo should allow production of a good substitute crude oil but not single-step production of finished middle-distillate fuels. Hydroprocessing under the above conditions did not alter the boiling range of the oil much, but all the catalysts brought about hydrogenation of diaromatic material, a concomitant increase in hydroaromatics, and some cracking of polyaromatics. All the catalysts except the Ni-W completely deoxygenated phenolic components. Residual nitrogen compounds were predominantly nonbasic benzoand dibenzopyrroles.Oil shale is a sedimentary rock which occurs as large deposits in many countries including the USA, the USSR, Brazil, China, and Australia (Kirk-Othmer, 1981). In Australia, oil shale represents a major energy resource, and currently estimated tertiary in situ resources are over 20 billion barrels of crude oil (National Energy Advisory Committee, 1980).The Rundle deposit, located on the coastline of central Queensland close to port facilities, power and water supplies, and an established industrial infrastructure, contains

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“…They concluded that 1 year of ambient storage should make little difference in the refining process used to upgrade the crude oil. Frankenfeld et al found that for crude and partially refined shale distillates the nitrogen content is not a general predictor of fuel storage stability, although a rough correlation exists between nitrogen content for fuels from the same shale source and with similar processing histories (Frankenfeld et al, 1983c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability study for a western crude shale oil

Meier¹,

Hankinson²,

Petree³

et al. 1986

Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev.

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The storage stability of a crude shale oil, obtained by retorting shale from the Green River formation in Colorado by the Union B process, was studied by monitoring five physical properties over an 18-week period. There were no significant changes in properties with storage time, indicating the oil was stable during this time period. The time period chosen for the study is expected to be typical of the time between retorting and refining a crude shale oil. The shale oil samples were collected immediately after retorting and stored at room temperature under a nitrogen blanket in the absence of light. Samples were stored In both glass and metal containers. The properties measured for each sample were density, heat capacity, molecular weight, UV spectroscopy, and a simulated distillation GC pattern.

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Storage stability of synfuels from oil shale. 3. Studies with actual shale-derived middle distillates

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Gum and deposit formation from jet turbine and diesel fuels at 130.degree.C

Gum and deposit formation from jet turbine and diesel fuels at 130.degree.C

Catalyst performance in continuous hydrotreating of Rundle shale oil

Stability study for a western crude shale oil

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