Stop Sounds /t/ and /d/ and Continuing Sounds /s/ and /z/ Linking with /t/, /d/, /s/, and /z/ Sounds

Gilbert, Judy B.

doi:10.1017/cbo9781139523196.012

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…where dn represents the molar mass crossing the permeable area A during the time dt. As dc r = dn/V r , where V r represents the volume of the receiving solution, eqn (5) can be expressed as Mass conservation then leads to the following expression: [33,34]…”

Section: Salt and Water Diffusional Permeabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical characterization of hydrogels for biomimetic applications

Peláez

Romero

Escalera

et al. 2011

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Hydrogels are increasingly being recognized as having potential in bio‐compatible applications. In previous work, we investigated the feasibility of poly(ethylene glycol)‐dimethacrylate (PEG‐1000‐DMA) and poly(ethylene glycol)‐diacrylate (PEG‐400‐DA) polymerized using either a chemical initiator (C) or a photoinitiator (P) to encapsulate and stabilize biomimetic membranes for novel separation technologies or biosensor applications. In this paper, we have investigated the electrochemical properties of the hydrogels used for membrane encapsulation. Specifically, we studied the crosslinked hydrogels by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and we demonstrated that chemically crosslinked hydrogels had lower values for the effective electrical resistance and higher values for the electrical capacitance compared with hydrogels with photoinitiated crosslinking. Transport numbers were obtained using electromotive force measurements and demonstrated that at low salt concentrations, both PEG‐400‐DA‐C and PEG‐400‐DA‐P hydrogels presented an electropositive character whereas PEG‐1000‐DMA‐P was approximately neutral and PEG‐1000‐DMA‐C showed electronegative character. Sodium transport numbers approached the bulk NaCl electrolyte value at high salt concentrations for all hydrogels, indicating screening of fixed charges in the hydrogels. The average salt diffusional permeability 〈Ps〉 and water permeability 〈Pw〉 were found to correlate with EIS results. Both PEG‐1000‐DMA‐C and PEG‐400‐DA‐C had higher 〈Ps〉 and 〈Pw〉 values than PEG‐1000‐DMA‐P and PEG‐400‐DA‐P hydrogels. In conclusion, our results show that hydrogel electrochemical properties can be controlled by the choice of polymer and type of crosslinking used and that their water and salt permeability properties are congruent with the use of hydrogels for biomimetic membrane encapsulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Salt and Water Diffusional Permeabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical characterization of hydrogels for biomimetic applications

Peláez

Romero

Escalera

et al. 2011

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…Individuals persistently ascribe truth to others' messages (Levine, Park, & McCornack, 1999;Zuckerman et al, 1981), even under conditions of high contextual suspicion (McCornack & Levine, 1990). This "truth-bias" is particularly strong among relational partners (McCornack & Parks, 1986;Levine & McCornack, 1992) and face-to-face conversational participants (Buller, Strzyzewski, & Hunsaker, 1991), and may derive from how people mentally represent information (Gilbert, 1991;Gilbert, Krull, & Malone, 1990).…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Adaptation, Confidence, and Heuristic-Based Explanations of the Probing Effect

Levine

McCornack

2001

Human Comm Res

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Researchers have found that asking probing questions of message sources does not enhance deception detection accuracy. Probing does, however, increase recipient and observer perceptions of source honesty, a finding we label the probing effect. This project examined 3 potential explanations for the probing effect: behavioral adaptation, confidence bias, and a probing heuristic. In Study 1, respondents (N = 337) viewed videotaped interviews in which probes were present or not present, and in which message source behaviors were controlled. Inconsistent with the behavioral adaptation explanation, respondents perceived probed sources as more honest than nonprobed sources, despite the fact that source behaviors were constant across conditions. The data also were inconsistent with the confidence bias explanation. Studies 2 and 3 investigated the probing heuristic explanation. The data from Study 2 (N = 136) were ambiguous, but the results of third study (N = 143) were consistent with the heuristic processing explanation of the probing effect. C ommon sense suggests that interrogative probing should be an effective strategy for detecting deception. By asking message sources probing questions, message recipients gain additional information, and consequently should render more accurate judgments regarding the veracity of sources' messages. Police and military interrogations, cross examinations in courtrooms, and interviews by investigative reporters are just a few examples of how probing is used as a strategy for uncovering truths and lies.Timothy R. Levine (Ph.D., Michigan State University, 1992), is an associate professor in the

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“…The cerebral cortex is supposed to contain some brain regions as hubs to connect segregated systems for integrating diverse informational sources or minimize wiring. As the DMN has been hypothesized to be associated with self referential mental activity [4], stimulus-independent thoughts [6], envisioning the future [7] etc. It is reasonable the hubs serve to connect segregated brain regions for transmitting information or optimizing the wiring under the mentioned cognitive processes.…”

Section: ) Among Pcc/mpfc/ipc Pcc Is Influenced By All Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Granger causality analysis to effective connectivity of the default-mode network

Miao

Chen

et al. 2010

IEEE/ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering

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Ahstract-The default-mode network (DMN), which is suggested to have important functions related to internal modes of cognition and increasingly implicated in brain disorders, has attracted much attention in the past few years. Effective connectivity, defined as the influence one neuronal system exerts over another, can provide deep understanding of directed influence between brain regions in the network from the view of functional integration. Granger causality analysis is one of the conventional approaches to explore the effective connectivity in brain imaging researches. In this study, we applied Granger causality analysis to resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data from 12 young subjects to explore the effective connectivity pattern of the DMN. The results demonstrated that posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and inferior parietal cortex (IPC) were the only three regions had significant causal relationship with all other regions in more than 50% subjects and PCC was the only brain area influenced by all others while had no directed influence to others. The strong effective connectivity pattern demonstrated that PCC, MPFC and IPC were the three key regions and PCC was the convergence hub in the network. These results provide further understanding of physiological mechanism of DMN underlying internal modes of cognition.

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Stop Sounds /t/ and /d/ and Continuing Sounds /s/ and /z/ Linking with /t/, /d/, /s/, and /z/ Sounds

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Electrochemical characterization of hydrogels for biomimetic applications

Electrochemical characterization of hydrogels for biomimetic applications

Behavioral Adaptation, Confidence, and Heuristic-Based Explanations of the Probing Effect

Application of Granger causality analysis to effective connectivity of the default-mode network

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