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Information manipulation theory (IMT) is a theory of deceptive discourse design, authored by interpersonal communication scholar Steven McCornack. IMT argues that when deceiving others, people play with or “manipulate” relevant information in myriad ways within their discourse. According to IMT, the particular ways in which people manipulate information align with the conversational maxims suggested by philosopher Paul Grice, in his theory of conversational implicature. Although influential in impacting subsequent research, IMT also has drawn criticism, most notably for not being a testable theory. In response to this criticism, McCornack presented an elaboration of IMT, IMT2. IMT2 is a propositional theory of deceptive discourse production that is rooted in cognitive neuroscience, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and speech production. IMT2 consists of a central premise and 11 propositions deriving from this premise, grouped into three propositional sets: intentional states, cognitive load, and information manipulation.

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