Stomatal Conductance Is Essential for Higher Yield Potential of C<sub>3</sub>Crops

Roche, Dominique G.

doi:10.1080/07352689.2015.1023677

Cited by 125 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…Several reports have indicated that stomatal conductance is critical for growth and yield, and greater conductance is related to higher fixation rate under non-limiting water conditions (Roche, 2015). Notably, CDF3 overexpressing plants show higher stomatal conductance, thus improving CO 2 diffusion to the mesophyll (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectopic Expression of CDF3 Genes in Tomato Enhances Biomass Production and Yield under Salinity Stress Conditions

et al. 2017

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Cycling Dof Factor (CDF) transcription factors (TFs) are involved in multiple processes related to plant growth and development. A member of this family, CDF3, has recently been linked in Arabidopsis to the regulation of primary metabolism and abiotic stress responses, but its role in crop production under stress is still unknown. In this study, we characterized tomato plants overexpressing the CDF3 genes from Arabidopsis and tomato and analyzed their effects on growth and yield under salinity, additionally gaining deeper insights into the molecular function of these TFs. Our results provide evidence for higher biomass production and yield in the 35S::AtCDF3 and 35S::SlCDF3 plants, likely due to a higher photosynthetic capacity resulting in increased sucrose availability. Transcriptome analysis revealed that CDF3 genes regulate a set of genes involved in redox homeostasis, photosynthesis performance and primary metabolism that lead to enhanced biomass production. Consistently, metabolomic profiling revealed that CDF3 evokes changes in the primary metabolism triggering enhanced nitrogen assimilation, and disclosed that the amount of some protective metabolites including sucrose, GABA and asparagine were higher in vegetative tissues of CDF3 overexpressing plants. Altogether these changes improved performance of 35S::AtCDF3 and 35S::SlCDF3 plants under salinity conditions. Moreover, the overexpression of CDF3 genes modified organic acid and sugar content in fruits, improving variables related to flavor perception and fruit quality. Overall, our results associate the CDF3 TF with a role in the control of growth and C/N metabolism, and highlight that overexpression of CDF3 genes can substantially improve plant yield.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectopic Expression of CDF3 Genes in Tomato Enhances Biomass Production and Yield under Salinity Stress Conditions

et al. 2017

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“…This suggests that species with high potential rates of P N and G s require a high degree of stomatal control to reduce transpirative water-loss and prevent desiccation when conditions are not conducive to P N . This relationship may be indicative of natural selective pressures induced by declining [CO 2 ] during the Cenozoic (65 Ma to present; Haworth et al, 2011) and artificial selective pressures during the domestication of crop species (Evans, 1980; Roche, 2015) favoring highly effective physiological stomatal control alongside high rates of P N and G s . The trend of declining [CO 2 ] during much of the past 65 million years (Berner, 2006) is considered to have favored species with large numbers of small stomata as the most effective arrangement of the epidermal surface to achieve maximum rates of gas exchange (Franks and Beerling, 2009; de Boer et al, 2016) in conjunction with rapid stomatal opening and closing (Hetherington and Woodward, 2003; Raven, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, where guard cell turgor, and as a result pore area, follows whole leaf turgor, stomatal behavior is considered to be passive (Chater et al, 2013). The development of crop species has involved the selection of more productive and faster growing varieties over multiple generations (Evans, 1980; Roche, 2015). These selected varieties often possess greater leaf area rates of P N than their less productive counterparts (Zelitch, 1982; Fischer et al, 1998; Gu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These selected varieties often possess greater leaf area rates of P N than their less productive counterparts (Zelitch, 1982; Fischer et al, 1998; Gu et al, 2014). As a result, the vast majority of crops currently cultivated possess active stomatal physiological behavior that permits the levels of G s required to sustain high P N , but also the capacity to respond rapidly to a change in environmental conditions (Kalaji and Nalborczyk, 1991; Haworth et al, 2015; Roche, 2015). However, it is unclear how active physiological stomatal behavior in crop plants can be affected by changes in the atmospheric concentration of [CO 2 ], and whether growth at elevated [CO 2 ] can induce a loss of stomatal control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impaired Stomatal Control Is Associated with Reduced Photosynthetic Physiology in Crop Species Grown at Elevated [CO2]

et al. 2016

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Physiological control of stomatal conductance (Gs) permits plants to balance CO2-uptake for photosynthesis (PN) against water-loss, so optimizing water use efficiency (WUE). An increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide ([CO2]) will result in a stimulation of PN and reduction of Gs in many plants, enhancing carbon gain while reducing water-loss. It has also been hypothesized that the increase in WUE associated with lower Gs at elevated [CO2] would reduce the negative impacts of drought on many crops. Despite the large number of CO2-enrichment studies to date, there is relatively little information regarding the effect of elevated [CO2] on stomatal control. Five crop species with active physiological stomatal behavior were grown at ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (2000 ppm) [CO2]. We investigated the relationship between stomatal function, stomatal size, and photosynthetic capacity in the five species, and then assessed the mechanistic effect of elevated [CO2] on photosynthetic physiology, stomatal sensitivity to [CO2] and the effectiveness of stomatal closure to darkness. We observed positive relationships between the speed of stomatal response and the maximum rates of PN and Gs sustained by the plants; indicative of close co-ordination of stomatal behavior and PN. In contrast to previous studies we did not observe a negative relationship between speed of stomatal response and stomatal size. The sensitivity of stomata to [CO2] declined with the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate limited rate of PN at elevated [CO2]. The effectiveness of stomatal closure was also impaired at high [CO2]. Growth at elevated [CO2] did not affect the performance of photosystem II indicating that high [CO2] had not induced damage to the photosynthetic physiology, and suggesting that photosynthetic control of Gs is either directly impaired at high [CO2], sensing/signaling of environmental change is disrupted or elevated [CO2] causes some physical effect that constrains stomatal opening/closing. This study indicates that while elevated [CO2] may improve the WUE of crops under normal growth conditions, impaired stomatal control may increase the vulnerability of plants to water deficit and high temperatures.

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“…The genetic and developmental basis for high stomatal density and stomatal conductance is a research priority in plant physiology, agriculture, and paleobiology (Asl et al, 2011;Doheny-Adams et al, 2012;Dow et al, 2014;Franks et al, 2015;Roche, 2015;Wang et al, 2015b). Indeed, a higher g max should benefit species under low CO 2 , higher irradiance or nutrient supply, or under selection for high productivity or competition Taylor et al, 2012;Jones, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Developmental Basis of Stomatal Density and Flux

2016

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Since the first published measurements of stomatal density by Johann Hedwig (1793) and Alexander von Humboldt (1798), the counting and measuring of stomata has been one of the most typical botanical activities, with an important role across fields of plant biology (Willmer and Fricker, 1996). Stomatal density (d) and size (s) are indicators of acclimation and adaptation to contrasting environments, and permit estimation of the theoretical anatomical maximum stomatal conductance (g max ; units: mol m 22 s 21

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Stomatal Conductance Is Essential for Higher Yield Potential of C₃Crops

Cited by 125 publications

References 251 publications

Ectopic Expression of CDF3 Genes in Tomato Enhances Biomass Production and Yield under Salinity Stress Conditions

Ectopic Expression of CDF3 Genes in Tomato Enhances Biomass Production and Yield under Salinity Stress Conditions

Impaired Stomatal Control Is Associated with Reduced Photosynthetic Physiology in Crop Species Grown at Elevated [CO2]

The Developmental Basis of Stomatal Density and Flux

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Stomatal Conductance Is Essential for Higher Yield Potential of C3Crops

Cited by 125 publications

References 251 publications

Ectopic Expression of CDF3 Genes in Tomato Enhances Biomass Production and Yield under Salinity Stress Conditions

Ectopic Expression of CDF3 Genes in Tomato Enhances Biomass Production and Yield under Salinity Stress Conditions

Impaired Stomatal Control Is Associated with Reduced Photosynthetic Physiology in Crop Species Grown at Elevated [CO2]

The Developmental Basis of Stomatal Density and Flux

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Stomatal Conductance Is Essential for Higher Yield Potential of C₃Crops