Stomatal Blue Light Response Is Present in Early Vascular Plants

Doi, Mitsunobu; Kitagawa, Yuki; Shimazaki, Ken Ichiro

doi:10.1104/pp.15.00134

Cited by 69 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…A wider study of stomatal ABA responsiveness across the evolutionary tree of ferns would be required to understand how guard cell ABA responsiveness has evolved. For example, an analysis of different fern classes showed that, whereas stomatal opening in response to blue light is present in lycophytes and most classes of ferns, it has been lost in the fern group Polypodiopsida (Doi et al, 2015). Thus, it is conceivable that the stomatal ABA responsiveness has been lost in some branches of the evolutionary tree of ferns, and systematic analysis of stomatal responses in different taxa is required to bring further insight to this question.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fern Stomatal Responses to ABA and CO₂ Depend on Species and Growth Conditions

2017

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, climate, and air humidity affect plant gas exchange that is controlled by stomata, small pores on plant leaves and stems formed by guard cells. Evolution has shaped the morphology and regulatory mechanisms governing stomatal movements to correspond to the needs of various land plant groups over the past 400 million years. Stomata close in response to the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA), elevated CO 2 concentration, and reduced air humidity. Whether the active regulatory mechanisms that control stomatal closure in response to these stimuli are present already in mosses, the oldest plant group with stomata, or were acquired more recently in angiosperms remains controversial. It has been suggested that the stomata of the basal vascular plants, such as ferns and lycophytes, close solely hydropassively. On the other hand, active stomatal closure in response to ABA and CO 2 was found in several moss, lycophyte, and fern species. Here, we show that the stomata of two temperate fern species respond to ABA and CO 2 and that an active mechanism of stomatal regulation in response to reduced air humidity is present in some ferns. Importantly, fern stomatal responses depend on growth conditions. The data indicate that the stomatal behavior of ferns is more complex than anticipated before, and active stomatal regulation is present in some ferns and has possibly been lost in others. Further analysis that takes into account fern species, life history, evolutionary age, and growth conditions is required to gain insight into the evolution of land plant stomatal responses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fern Stomatal Responses to ABA and CO₂ Depend on Species and Growth Conditions

2017

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“…A recent report of activation of a moss (P. patens) SLAC protein by a native SnRK2, albeit weakly, could suggest that the evolution of ABA-SnRK2-SLAC signaling for stomatal closure predates the divergence of ferns (23), and that the absence of native anion channel activation by SnRK2s in C. richardii represents a unique loss, similar to the loss of a stomatal response to blue light in this lineage (24). To address this possibility, we examined the functionality of SnRK2-SLAC combinations in a representative of the lycophyte clade, the earliest diverging clade of vascular plants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abscisic acid controlled sex before transpiration in vascular plants

McAdam

Brodribb

Banks

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Sexual reproduction in animals and plants shares common elements, including sperm and egg production, but unlike animals, little is known about the regulatory pathways that determine the sex of plants. Here we use mutants and gene silencing in a fern species to identify a core regulatory mechanism in plant sexual differentiation. A key player in fern sex differentiation is the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which regulates the sex ratio of male to hermaphrodite tissues during the reproductive cycle. Our analysis shows that in the fern Ceratopteris richardii, a gene homologous to core ABA transduction genes in flowering plants [SNF1-related kinase2s (SnRK2s)] is primarily responsible for the hormonal control of sex determination. Furthermore, we provide evidence that this ABA-SnRK2 signaling pathway has transitioned from determining the sex of ferns to controlling seed dormancy in the earliest seed plants before being co-opted to control transpiration and CO 2 exchange in derived seed plants. By tracing the evolutionary history of this ABA signaling pathway from plant reproduction through to its role in the global regulation of plant-atmosphere gas exchange during the last 450 million years, we highlight the extraordinary effect of the ABA-SnRK2 signaling pathway in plant evolution and vegetation function.OST1 | fern | stomata | evolution | sex determination

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“…Most of these experiments were performed on herbaceous angiosperms, and there is evidence to suggest that the responses described above differ in both nonherbaceous angiosperms and nonangiosperms Ruszala et al, 2011;McAdam and Brodribb, 2012). These include evolutionary differences in the way stomata perceive signals such as CO 2 , abscisic acid (ABA; Brodribb and McAdam, 2017), leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit (VPD; McAdam and Brodribb, 2015;Martins et al, 2016), and the intensity and quality of light (Doi et al, 2015). Differences in the stomatal response to these signals will influence the diffusion of CO 2 to mesophyll tissues and, therefore, impact the coordination between A and g s .…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Coordination Between Stomatal Behavior and Mesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Variation in Gas Exchange: The Balance between Carbon Fixation and Water Loss

2017

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Stomatal control of transpiration is critical for maintaining important processes, such as plant water status, leaf temperature, as well as permitting sufficient CO 2 diffusion into the leaf to maintain photosynthetic rates (A). Stomatal conductance often closely correlates with A and is thought to control the balance between water loss and carbon gain. It has been suggested that a mesophyll-driven signal coordinates A and stomatal conductance responses to maintain this relationship; however, the signal has yet to be fully elucidated. Despite this correlation under stable environmental conditions, the responses of both parameters vary spatially and temporally and are dependent on species, environment, and plant water status. Most current models neglect these aspects of gas exchange, although it is clear that they play a vital role in the balance of carbon fixation and water loss. Future efforts should consider the dynamic nature of whole-plant gas exchange and how it represents much more than the sum of its individual leaf-level components, and they should take into consideration the long-term effect on gas exchange over time.As the waxy surface of most leaves makes them virtually impermeable to CO 2 and water, nearly all CO 2 absorbed by the plant and water lost pass through the stomatal pores (Cowan and Troughton, 1971;Caird et al., 2007;Jones, 2013). Although these pores represent only a small fraction of the leaf surface, stomatal behavior has major consequences for photosynthetic CO 2 fixation and water loss from leaf to canopy levels, influencing carbon and hydrological cycles at global scales (Hetherington and Woodward, 2003;Keenan et al., 2013). Guard cells that surround the stomatal pore open and close in response to environmental stimuli, controlling the flux of gas between the leaf interior and the bulk atmosphere. Stomatal conductance (g s ) appears to be closely linked with mesophyll demands for CO 2 , and a strong correlation between photosynthetic rate (A) and g s is often observed (Wong et al., 1979;Farquhar and Sharkey, 1982;Mansfield et al., 1990;Buckley and Mott, 2013), and although conserved, it is not always constant (Lawson and Morison, 2004;Bonan et al., 2014). However, the A and properties of each leaf may not be identical and depend on acclimation to the surrounding microclimatic conditions; therefore, each leaf could be considered unique (Niinemets, 2016).In order to maintain an appropriate water status, plants must balance water loss between leaves with different properties depending on the availability of soil water, which raises the question about the regulation of g s at the whole-plant level. Early experiments by Meinzer and Grantz (1990) showed that the balance between water loss and water transport capacity enables the maintenance of a constant leaf water status over a wide range of plant sizes and growing conditions. Therefore, plants regulate the transpiration of each leaf independently in response to variations in microclimate by constantly adjusting stomatal aperture. The sto...

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Stomatal Blue Light Response Is Present in Early Vascular Plants

Cited by 69 publications

References 49 publications

Fern Stomatal Responses to ABA and CO₂ Depend on Species and Growth Conditions

Fern Stomatal Responses to ABA and CO₂ Depend on Species and Growth Conditions

Abscisic acid controlled sex before transpiration in vascular plants

Diurnal Variation in Gas Exchange: The Balance between Carbon Fixation and Water Loss

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Stomatal Blue Light Response Is Present in Early Vascular Plants

Cited by 69 publications

References 49 publications

Fern Stomatal Responses to ABA and CO2 Depend on Species and Growth Conditions

Fern Stomatal Responses to ABA and CO2 Depend on Species and Growth Conditions

Abscisic acid controlled sex before transpiration in vascular plants

Diurnal Variation in Gas Exchange: The Balance between Carbon Fixation and Water Loss

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Fern Stomatal Responses to ABA and CO₂ Depend on Species and Growth Conditions

Fern Stomatal Responses to ABA and CO₂ Depend on Species and Growth Conditions