Stokes transport

Abstract

The volume transport associated with the Stokes drift for a fully developed surface-gravitywave field is calculated from an empirical ocean energy spectrum to increase as the cube of the wind speed and to have the magnitudes 0.3-2.5 m•/sec for the wind speeds 10-20 m/sec. The vertical velocity beneath the wave boundary layer induced by the horizontal div•ergence of the Stokes drift over a fetch of 1000 km is estimated to be 0.3-2.5 X 10-' cm/sec for the same wind speed range.

Effect of Paramagnetic Ions on NMR Relaxation of Fluids at Solid Surfaces

“…These include porosity, pore-size distribution, hyOne case of interest is that of the solid in which there is draulic permeability, and the identity of pore fluids ( 7,8 ) . a low concentration of paramagnetic impurities which, due As a result of those laboratory studies, novel ''insideto the strong coupling between the electron and nuclear mag-out'' NMR instruments have been built and are used in netic moments, dominate the relaxation rate.…”

Upwelling by Surface Gravity Waves

“…Nature has provided an upwelling mechanism of its own that is not much written about as far as I can tell (a brief mention was hesitantly put forward, but that was almost 50 years ago [3]). Surface gravity waves, in addition to energy, possess and transport linear momentum that is related to the Stokes drift and to the fact that the orbiting fluid particles advance a tiny bit in the direction of wave propagation following every orbital revolution.…”

Effects of inhomogeneous partial absorption and the geometry of the boundary on population evolution of molecules diffusing in general porous media

“…This simple relationship had been applied widely in examples mentioned above [15,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. For classes of porous media with a broad variation of its geometrical properties and strong diffusive coupling among its poreconstituents, these assumptions may break down.…”

“…The diffusion-relaxation dynamics of polarized proton spins carried by diffusing molecules has been widely exploited, sometimes without full justification, to characterize the pore geometry and fluid viscosity in the soil [19,20], cements [21], oil pigment of old paintings [22], biological tissues [23], fiber bundles [24], plant cells [25] or a piece of cheese [26]. In its geophysical or oil-field application, the interface-enhanced relaxation is used as a probe for the pore geometry of rocks [15,27,28], composition of pore filling fluids [29], and even wetting conditions. This extraordinary utility derives from the basic observation that the interface-enhanced relaxation rate (widely called T 2 distribution [15]) is directly proportional to the surface-to-volume ratio of the pore enclosure when certain conditions are met.…”