Effect of Paramagnetic Ions on NMR Relaxation of Fluids at Solid Surfaces

Foley, I I; Farooqui, S.A.; Kleinberg, R.L.

doi:10.1006/jmra.1996.0218

Cited by 182 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…5d). This may be an effect of the higher magnetic susceptibility and of internal magnetic field gradients reducing the relaxation time (Foley et al, 1996). The X-ray diffraction data from Ketzin sandstones indicate nearly 1% hematite (Norden, 2009), and thin sections indicate partly a ferritic matrix (Kummerow, personal communication).…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrophysical analysis to investigate the effects of carbon dioxide storage in a subsurface saline aquifer at Ketzin, Germany (CO2SINK)

Zemke

Liebscher

Wandrey

2010

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrophysical analysis to investigate the effects of carbon dioxide storage in a subsurface saline aquifer at Ketzin, Germany (CO2SINK)

Zemke

Liebscher

Wandrey

2010

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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“…Foley et al, 1996;Keating and Knight, 2007). However, iron oxides are known to have large surface areas (e.g.…”

Section: Analysis Of Relaxation Modes 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, iron oxides are known to have large surface areas (e.g. Houben and Kaufhold, 2011) and will consequently affect the NMR relaxation also by an increasing pore surface-25 to-volume ratio S/V (Foley et al, 1996;Hinedi et al, 1997;Müller-Petke et al, 2015). It is generally impossible to relate an observed increase in NMR relaxation unambiguously to either an increase in or to an increase in S/V without additional information.…”

Section: Analysis Of Relaxation Modes 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is expected that a linear dependence between the surface relaxivity and the content of paramagnetic impurities at the pore 5 walls exists (Foley et al, 1996). To test this expectation for the apparent surface relaxivity, Figure 7c provides a focus on the data with accurate ρ1,app estimates, i.e.…”

Section: The Relaxation Modes As Quantitative Measure For Iron Contenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydraulic characterisation of iron oxide-coated sand and gravel based on nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation modes analyses

Costabel¹,

Weidner²,

Müller‐Petke³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. The capability of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry to characterise hydraulic properties of iron oxide-10 coated sand and gravel was evaluated in a laboratory study. Past studies have shown that the presence of paramagnetic iron oxides and large pores as present in coarse sand and gravel disturbs the otherwise linear relationship between relaxation time and pore size. Consequently, the commonly applied empirical approaches fail when deriving hydraulic quantities from NMR parameters. Recent research demonstrates that higher relaxation modes must be taken into account to relate the size of a large pore to its NMR relaxation behaviour in the presence of significant paramagnetic impurities at its pore wall. We performed 15NMR relaxation experiments with water-saturated natural and reworked sands and gravels, coated with natural and synthetic ferric oxides (goethite, ferrihydrite) and show that the impact of the higher relaxation modes increases significantly with increasing iron content. Since the investigated materials exhibit narrow pore size distributions, and can thus be described by a virtual bundle of capillaries with identical apparent pore radius, recently presented inversion approaches allow for estimating a unique solution yielding the apparent capillary radius from the NMR data. We found the NMR-based apparent radii to 20 correspond well to the effective hydraulic radii estimated from the grain size distributions of the samples for the entire range of observed iron contents. Consequently, they can be used to estimate the hydraulic conductivity using the well-known KozenyCarman equation without any calibration that is otherwise necessary when predicting hydraulic conductivities from NMR data.Our future research will focus on the development of relaxation time models that allow for broader pore size distributions.Furthermore, we plan to establish a measurement system based on borehole NMR for localising iron clogging and controlling 25 its remediation in the gravel pack of groundwater wells.

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“…The surface relaxivity coefficient ρ 2 is a characteristic of magnetic interactions at the fluid/solid interface Foley et al, 1996]. In sandstones and analogous materials it is dominated by paramagnetic ions residing at grain surfaces.…”

Section: Core and Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane Hydrate Production From Alaskan Permafrost

Sigal¹,

Newsham²,

Williams³

et al. 2005

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Natural-gas hydrates have been encountered beneath the permafrost and considered a nuisance by the oil and gas industry for years. Engineers working in Russia, Canada and the USA have documented numerous drilling problems, including kicks and uncontrolled gas releases, in arctic regions. Information has been generated in laboratory studies pertaining to the extent, volume, chemistry and phase behavior of gas hydrates. Scientists studying hydrate potential agree that the potential is great -on the North Slope of Alaska alone, it has been estimated at 590 TCF. However, little information has been obtained on physical samples taken from actual rock containing hydrates.

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Effect of Paramagnetic Ions on NMR Relaxation of Fluids at Solid Surfaces

Cited by 182 publications

References 13 publications

Petrophysical analysis to investigate the effects of carbon dioxide storage in a subsurface saline aquifer at Ketzin, Germany (CO2SINK)

Petrophysical analysis to investigate the effects of carbon dioxide storage in a subsurface saline aquifer at Ketzin, Germany (CO2SINK)

Hydraulic characterisation of iron oxide-coated sand and gravel based on nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation modes analyses

Methane Hydrate Production From Alaskan Permafrost

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