Stokes holography

Abstract

A new technique, referred to as Stokes holography, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for controlled synthesis of generalized Stokes parameters in 3D space using Stokes fringes. Stokes fringes are polarization fringes which permit to record and reconstruct complete wavefront. Full use of Stokes fringes in a single step is realized by scattering complex field and subsequently reconstructing using spatial averaging of the randomly scattered field. Mathematical formulations are derived and supported by experimental results of 3D object reconstruction in generalized Stokes parameters.

Multimodal label-free microscopy

“…90 More complicated implementations can even allow the extraction of all Stokes parameters instead of two orthogonal polarization states. 91 In the case of OCT, the coherent tomography principle has been combined with dark-¯eld illumination to enhance the image contrast of cell preparations. 92 Polarization-resolved OCT has also been reported, fully characterizing the polarization state of the backscattered beam, [93][94][95] or used to measure the birefringence of the sample at high speed.…”

Jones matrix imaging for transparent and anisotropic sample

“…To retrieve four Jones matrix elements, sample is illuminated with +45 and -45 degree linearly polarized light, and two corresponding interference patterns are recorded in a sequence. The orthogonal fields of sample are retrieved simultaneously in single shot through Fourier fringe analysis method [8]- [10], and process is repeated with -45 linearly polarized input light to retrieve all four elements of the Jones matrix. Application of our experimental technique is demonstrated by measuring the Jones matrix of two different samples namely polarizer and wave plate.…”

Spatial statistical optics and spatial correlation holography: A review

“…More recently, the principle of coherence holography for scalar optical fields has been extended to polarized vectorial fields by the techniques called vectorial coherence holography 13) and Stokes holography. 14) They all together may be referred to as correlation holography. Implicit in the principle of correlation holography is that the scattered optical fields are spatially stationary.…”