Stocktype and grass suppression accelerate the restoration trajectory of Acacia koa in Hawaiian montane ecosystems

Pinto, Jeremiah R.; Davis, Anthony S.; Leary, James J.; Aghai, Matthew M.

doi:10.1007/s11056-015-9492-6

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We did not monitor EC throughout the growing season nor did we analyze saturated media extracts at the end of the growing season, thus nutrient levels and EC likely reflect only the initial media and any broken controlled-release fertilizer prills as the fertilizer did not have time to release. For many plant species, larger propagation stock confers superior survival and growth rates upon outplanting, particularly for restoration projects where site conditions are unfavorable (Grossnickle, 2012;Pinto et al, 2015;Sutherland and Day, 1988). For both milkweed species investigated, plants grown in the large containers and with the labelrecommended ''high'' rate of fertilizer were significantly larger (Tables 3 and 4), as shown for other plant species (Clark and Zheng, 2015;NeSmith and Duval, 1998).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In restoration plantings, particularly where competition is a factor and environmental stress limits establishment success, larger seedlings may be superior because of the competitive advantage conferred by greater heights and increased root growth potential associated with larger root systems (Grossnickle, 2012). Evidence suggests that not only do larger volume containers yield larger nursery seedlings, but these larger seedlings also have higher survival rates and continue to realize greater growth rates in the field after planting (Pinto et al, 2015;Sutherland and Day, 1988). Similar to increased container volume, identifying optimal species-specific fertilizer application rates will aid in the propagation of superior seedlings in the nursery (Cardoso et al, 2007;Clark and Zheng, 2015), which may confer these same advantages on outplanting.…”

Section: Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth and Survival of Two Western Milkweed Species: Effects of Container Volume and Fertilizer Rate

Hanson¹,

Ross‐Davis²,

Davis³

2017

hortte

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Diminishing milkweed (Asclepias sp.) populations are contributing to the conspicuous decline of the iconic monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). This research sought to improve milkweed propagation success, a core component of summer habitat restoration projects. Specifically, this research assessed the effects of container volume and fertilizer application rate on growth and first year field survival of two species of milkweed common to western North America, namely showy milkweed (A. speciosa) and narrowleaf milkweed (A. fascicularis). Generally, larger roots and shoots developed when plants were given the high rate of fertilizer (6.5 g·L−1) and when reared in the largest containers (2600 mL). For narrowleaf milkweed, nearly all plants developed a firm plug (i.e., one in which the root system remained intact when removed from the container) after 22 weeks. Most narrowleaf milkweed plants flowered 15 weeks after sowing when grown in the largest container with either the low (2.7 g·L−1) or high fertilizer rate or the midsized container (444 mL) with a high rate of fertilizer. For showy milkweed, a firm plug developed for nearly all individuals by the end of the growing season only when given the high fertilizer rate. None of the showy milkweed plants developed an inflorescence by 15 weeks. Results of this research improve our understanding of milkweed propagation and will aid in the efforts to restore the monarch butterfly’s summer breeding habitat by providing propagation protocols across a range of stocktypes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Survival of Two Western Milkweed Species: Effects of Container Volume and Fertilizer Rate

Hanson¹,

Ross‐Davis²,

Davis³

2017

hortte

Self Cite

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“…Gray in Hawaii (Pinto et al 2015), Nothofagus spp. Blume in the mountain of Chile (Donoso et al 2015), and Pinus echinata Mill.…”

Section: The Role Of Genetics In Producing Resilient Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring forests: What constitutes success in the twenty-first century?

et al. 2015

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Forest loss and degradation is occurring at high rates but humankind is experiencing historical momentum that favors forest restoration. Approaches to restoration may follow various paradigms depending on stakeholder objectives, regional climate, or the degree of site degradation. The vast amount of land requiring restoration implies the need for spatial prioritization of restoration efforts according to cost-benefit analyses that include ecological risks. To design resistant and resilient ecosystems that can adapt to emerging circumstances, an adaptive management approach is needed. Global change, in particular, imparts a high degree of uncertainty about the future ecological and societal conditions of forest ecosystems to be restored, as well as their desired goods and services. We must also reconsider the suite of species incorporated into restoration with the aim of & Douglass F. Jacobs

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“…It requires that nurseries take into account (1) objectives of the project, (2) site conditions, (3) limiting factors at the site, (4) availability of mitigating measures for limiting factors, (5) species desired and genetics, (6) stock type, (7) outplanting tools and techniques available, and (8) timing of the outplanting window. For example, Jacobs et al (unpublished) found that Acacia koa seedlings grown in larger containers (656 cm 3 ) and with higher rates of fertilization grew significantly taller and had larger root collar diameters than seedlings grown in smaller, conventional containers (49 cm 3 ) when planted at a mesic but weedy site with deep soils, and Pinto et al (2015) found that even a modest increase in seedling container size (207 vs 111 cm 3 ) yielded increased growth. Larger size helped the trees overcome competition from grasses, although smaller seedlings would have been easier to transport and plant, important considerations for remote or rocky sites.…”

Section: Production Of Improved Planting Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While glyphosate has generally been used for chemical weed control (Cabin et al 2002;Brooks et al 2009), combining glyphosate with imazapyr for longer term grass control has been shown to be more effective on weedy planting sites (Pinto et al 2015;Leary and Gross 2013). Better grass control can lead to decreased moisture competition for seedlings (Pinto et al 2015), an important consideration in mesic and dry sites. Timing of application is critical with herbicides, which are best applied while target plants are actively growing.…”

Section: Improved Site Preparation and Weed Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future directions for forest restoration in Hawai‘i

et al. 2015

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Hawai'i has served as a model system for studies of nutrient cycling and conservation biology. The islands may also become a laboratory for exploring new approaches to forest restoration because of a common history of degradation and the growing number of restoration projects undertaken. Approximately half of the native ecosystems of Hawai'i have been converted to non-native conditions. Many restoration projects have focused on intensively managed out plantings of native plants with emphasis on threatened and endangered species. While these projects have been effective in stabilizing plant populations, this model is often prohibitively expensive for restoration at the scale needed to protect watersheds and provide habitat for rare bird species. Here we suggest ways of rethinking ecological restoration that are applicable across the tropics, particularly on islands and fire-prone grasslands. First, we suggest making use of nonnative, non-invasive species to help reclaim degraded or invaded sites or as long-term components of planned restoration outcomes. Second, we suggest incorporating remote sensing techniques to refine where restoration is carried out. Finally, we suggest borrowing technologies in plant production, weed control, and site preparation from industrial forestry to lower restoration costs. These suggestions would result in ecosystems that differ from native reference systems in some cases but which could be applied to much larger areas than most current restoration efforts while providing important ecosystem services. We also stress that community involvement is key to successful restoration, as a major goal of almost all restoration projects is to re-connect the community with the forest.

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Stocktype and grass suppression accelerate the restoration trajectory of Acacia koa in Hawaiian montane ecosystems

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Growth and Survival of Two Western Milkweed Species: Effects of Container Volume and Fertilizer Rate

Growth and Survival of Two Western Milkweed Species: Effects of Container Volume and Fertilizer Rate

Restoring forests: What constitutes success in the twenty-first century?

Future directions for forest restoration in Hawai‘i

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