Growth and Survival of Two Western Milkweed Species: Effects of Container Volume and Fertilizer Rate

Hanson, Nikki; Ross‐Davis, Amy L.; Davis, Anthony S.

doi:10.21273/horttech03713-17

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The findings in this experiment on compost volume are consistent with previous studies (Bernaola‐Paucar et al, 2018; Dominguez‐Lerena et al, 2006; Hanson et al, 2017; Jacobs et al, 2020; Meyer & Cunliffe, 2004; Pinto et al, 2012, 2015). Larger compost volume here provided the seedlings better access to a range of resources: light (both natural and artificial), water, nutrients, and rooting volume.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The optimal volume will depend on the size the plug plants are grown to (Poorter, Bühler, et al, 2012). Larger volumes increase seedling growth rate and produce seedlings greater in height, stem base diameter, and total biomass (Bernaola-Paucar et al, 2018;Dominguez-Lerena et al, 2006;Hanson et al, 2017;Jacobs et al, 2020;Meyer & Cunliffe, 2004;Pinto et al, 2012Pinto et al, , 2015. Under favorable field conditions, the initial size of transplants does not affect the survival rate (Dominguez-Lerena et al, 2006;Hanson et al, 2017;Pinto et al, 2015;Romero-Munar et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larger volumes increase seedling growth rate and produce seedlings greater in height, stem base diameter, and total biomass (Bernaola-Paucar et al, 2018;Dominguez-Lerena et al, 2006;Hanson et al, 2017;Jacobs et al, 2020;Meyer & Cunliffe, 2004;Pinto et al, 2012Pinto et al, , 2015. Under favorable field conditions, the initial size of transplants does not affect the survival rate (Dominguez-Lerena et al, 2006;Hanson et al, 2017;Pinto et al, 2015;Romero-Munar et al, 2018). However, the size advantage of transplants from larger compost volumes is maintained up to at least 3 years after the establishment in tree species (Dominguez-Lerena et al, 2006;Pinto et al, 2015) and 2 years in Arundo donax (Romero-Munar et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing seed‐based Miscanthus plug plant production with supplemental heat and light, compost type and volume

Ashman

Awty‐Carroll

et al. 2022

GCB Bioenergy

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To help meet greenhouse gas mitigation targets perennial biomass crops will need to be planted at large scales and at a much greater pace over the coming decades. Miscanthus is a leading biomass crop but rapid upscaling is technically challenging due to costly and time‐consuming clonal propagation. Seed‐based hybrids are considered a viable route to rapid upscaling, but direct sowing has not been found feasible under temperate climate conditions due to high thermal requirements for germination and slow early plant development compared with larger seeded annuals. Seed‐based plug plants, initially propagated in greenhouses, provide a suitable route to improve field establishment. Here, we describe an input optimization experiment for seeded Miscanthus plugs raised for spring planting in a naturally lit greenhouse with the following treatments: supplemental heat to maintain a minimum of 15°C, supplemental predawn light from modern LEDs at PPFD 300–400 μmol m−2 s−1, two proprietary types of compost (known as 50k and 70k), and two compost volumes (35 and 15 cm3). Our results showed that variations in all four factors had significant effects on above‐ and belowground biomass: (i) supplemental heat increased root‐to‐shoot ratio, (ii) supplemental light increased total biomass and root‐to‐shoot ratio, (iii) compost type affected total biomass and (iv) compost volume was positively correlated with total biomass and stem base diameter. No factor had a significant effect on axillary shoot formation. We recommend nurseries in the United Kingdom use LEDs as predawn supplemental light but no supplemental heat, compost that has both good water‐holding capacity and aeration, and a larger compost volume, which provided optimized cost‐plug resilience for spring‐sown, seed‐based Miscanthus plug production.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing seed‐based Miscanthus plug plant production with supplemental heat and light, compost type and volume

Ashman

Awty‐Carroll

et al. 2022

GCB Bioenergy

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“…An increased fertilizer rate from low (3.2 gÁL À1 ) to medium (5.3 gÁL À1 ) or low to high (8.5 gÁL À1 ) resulted in 3% or 13% increases in the height of sandhill milkweed after 16 weeks of container production. This result was similar to, but less pronounced than, that reported by Hanson et al (2017), who showed that two western North America native milkweed, showy milkweed [A. speciosa (Torr.)] and narrowleaf milkweed [A. fascicularis (Decne.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Effect of Fertilizer Rate, Substrate, and Container Type on Greenhouse Production of Sandhill Milkweed

Campbell-Martínez,

Thetford,

Miller

et al. 2023

horts

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Sandhill milkweed [Asclepias humistrata (Walter)] is important for monarch butterfly [Danaus plexippus (L.)] conservation efforts, yet precise cultivation practices are largely not available. We tested the effects of three fertilizer rates and four substrate types and four container types on the performance of sandhill milkweed during greenhouse production. Seedlings fertilized with a high (0.90 g per 48-cell container) controlled-release fertilizer rate of 15N–3.9P–10.0K (15–9–12 Osmocote® Plus) had reduced performance compared with low and medium fertilizer rates (0.34 and 0.56 g per 48-cell container, respectively). Seedlings grown in large containers (∼175 mL including standard 32-cell liners and tall tree-tubes) outperformed seedlings grown in small containers (∼100 mL including standard 48-cell liners and short tree tubes). A transplant ready plant can be produced for spring within 16 weeks when seeds are sown in early January. Although sandhill milkweed seedlings can be grown under various fertilizer rates and in various containers and substrates, seedlings grown in tall tree tubes in a peat-based mix (Sunshine Mix) outperformed a nursery standard substrate and two wood fiber substrates. We recommend growing plants in a peat-based substrate within tall tree tube containers and applying a medium fertilizer rate.

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“…Treatments. To test the intergenerational effects of resource quality, we grew host plants at low or high levels of fertilizer, which has been shown to increase plant nitrogen (Awmack & Leather, 2002;Fagan et al, 2002;Slater et al, 2019), height, and biomass in Asclepias species (Hanson et al, 2017). Aphids tend to be limited by nitrogen, and the addition of nitrogen through fertilizer has been shown to benefit aphid fitness (Awmack & Leather, 2002;Fagan et al, 2002;Slater et al, 2019).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multigenerational consequences of aphid size on offspring phenotype and reproduction

Hayden

Holmes

Hernández

2021

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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In many organisms, phenotype and fitness are strongly influenced by both current environmental factors and maternal effects. The low genetic variation, high phenotypic plasticity, and telescoping generations seen in aphids permit us to investigate the relative importance and potential interaction of maternal and current environments on phenotype. Although past studies have identified an influence of maternal host plant on offspring phenotype and reproduction in aphids, few have demonstrated the potential for these maternal effects to also interact with the aphid's current environment. By rearing multiple generations of Aphis nerii (Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on their host common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca (L.) (Apocynaceae), we tested the relative influence and interaction of both maternal and current environmental effects of crowding and plant quality on aphid body size and reproduction. Our results indicate that aphid body size increased with current plant quality and decreased with aphid density in both generations, with an additional direct, positive relationship between body size and fecundity. We did not find evidence for adaptive maternal effects, e.g., production of fewer, larger, offspring by stressed mothers. Instead, poor maternal environments constrained aphid body size and reproduction. Importantly, these adverse maternal effects were only seen in offspring where subsequent nymph population growth was allowed to increase unchecked, likely reducing available resources. Our study thus demonstrates that the significance of maternal effects in aphid development and reproduction can depend on current resource availability, shaping the phenotype and fecundity of offspring under stressful conditions. Incorporating this framework for how aphid body size and reproduction respond to current and maternal environments may improve predictions for how aphid population growth is impacted by resource limitation across generations.

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Growth and Survival of Two Western Milkweed Species: Effects of Container Volume and Fertilizer Rate

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Optimizing seed‐based Miscanthus plug plant production with supplemental heat and light, compost type and volume

Optimizing seed‐based Miscanthus plug plant production with supplemental heat and light, compost type and volume

Effect of Fertilizer Rate, Substrate, and Container Type on Greenhouse Production of Sandhill Milkweed

Multigenerational consequences of aphid size on offspring phenotype and reproduction

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