Stockbarger crystal growth, optical assessment and laser performance of holmium-doped yttrium erbium lithium fluoride

Jones, David A.; Cockayne, B.; Clay, R.A.; Forrester, Paul

doi:10.1016/0022-0248(75)90193-1

Cited by 29 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Yb:YLF crystals can be grown by the Czochralski [132][133][134][135][136] or the Bridgman-Stockbarger technique [116,[136][137][138]. Use of this crystal for laser cooling applications requires starting materials of exceedingly high purity, as described above, which also aids in the growth of high-quality crystals.…”

Section: Materials Synthesis: Toward Sub-100 K Optical Refrigeratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic optical refrigeration

et al. 2012

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Doc. ID 157833)We review the field of laser cooling of solids, focusing our attention on the recent advances in cryogenic cooling of an ytterbium-doped fluoride crystal (Yb 3+ :YLiF 4 ). Recently, bulk cooling in this material to 155 K has been observed upon excitation near the lowest-energy (E4-E5) crystal-field resonance of Yb 3+ . Furthermore, local cooling in the same material to a minimum achievable temperature of 110 K has been measured, in agreement with the predictions of the laser cooling model. This value is limited only by the current material purity. Advanced material synthesis approaches reviewed here would allow reaching temperatures approaching 80 K. Current results and projected improvements position optical refrigeration as the only viable all-solid-state cooling approach for cryogenic temperatures.

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Section: Materials Synthesis: Toward Sub-100 K Optical Refrigeratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic optical refrigeration

et al. 2012

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“…At present, this family of crystals is one of the most demanded classes of solid-state laser materials. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Activated LiYF 4 crystals show efficient lasing in various spectral ranges. These materials are among most promising ones associated with progress in photonics, quantum computers, and quantum communications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in NaF-RF 3 systems, phases of variable composition are formed in 45-63 mol% RF 3 concentration range; and KRF 4 , RbRF 4 (R = La-Sm) and CsRF 4 (R = La-Nd) compounds, crystallize in other structural types (e.g., orthorhombic KCeF 4 , SSG Pnma, and trigonal KErF 4 , SSG P3 1 ). [9] The LiRF 4 compounds have been produced not only as bulk single crystals, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] but also as films, [19] optical fibers, [20] and eutectic composites. [21] The LiRF 4 nanomaterials have been actively researched in recent years, both as powders [22][23][24] and as glass ceramics, [25] specifically for biomedical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability of LiRF₄ (R = Gd, Tb) Compounds

Федоров

Alexandrov

Кораблева

et al. 2023

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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LiGdF4 and LiTbF4 single crystals are grown by the Bridgman–Stockbarger method from the nonstoichiometric melt comprising 32 mol% RF3 (R = Gd, Tb) and 68 mol% LiF, respectively. Incongruent melting of the single crystals LiGdF4 and LiTbF4 is confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry. For the first time, the crystal structures of LiGdF4 and LiTbF4 are determined by Rietveld method. Also, rare‐earth lithium fluoride syntheses from lithium nitrate melts at 400 °С are performed for LiTbF4, LiGdF4, LiYF4, and LiDyF4 compounds. For terbium, the product is a mixture of LiTbF4 and TbF3; and for gadolinium, GdF3 is thus produced. With reference to the related literature, it is concluded that LiGdF4 and LiTbF4 are the thermodynamically stable phases in the ranges from 750 ± 5 to 425 ± 15 °С, and from 782 ± 5 to 400 ± 15 °С, respectively. The metastability of LiGdF4 and LiTbF4, however, does not prevent the use of their single crystals as photonic materials.

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“…LiErF4 and LiDyF4 crystals have been recently used as laser materials [1,2]. Crystals of LiREF4 (RE = rare earths) family were grown by Czochralski [3] and Bridgmann-Stockbarger methods [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crystals of LiREF4 (RE = rare earths) family were grown by Czochralski [3] and Bridgmann-Stockbarger methods [1]. The IR spectra in these crystals were also recorded [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin-Lattice Relaxation and Superposition Model Calculation in Gd³⁺-Doped LiErF₄and LiDyF₄Crystals

Misiak

1993

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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The X-band EPR measurements were performed on Gd 3 +-doped LiErF4 and LiDyF4 single crystals at room temperature. The spin-lattice relaxation times were evaluated to be 2.7 x 10 -15 s, 1.0 x 10-15 s and 2.2 x 10' s for LiDyF4 , LiErF4 and LiYbF 4 , respectively. Spin-Hamiltonian parameters are determined and discussed in the light of the superposition model in order to determine the distortion of Gd3 + ion environment in LiREF4 host lattices (RE = Yb, Y, Er, Dy, and Gd).

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Stockbarger crystal growth, optical assessment and laser performance of holmium-doped yttrium erbium lithium fluoride

Cited by 29 publications

References 6 publications

Cryogenic optical refrigeration

Cryogenic optical refrigeration

Thermal Stability of LiRF₄ (R = Gd, Tb) Compounds

Spin-Lattice Relaxation and Superposition Model Calculation in Gd³⁺-Doped LiErF₄and LiDyF₄Crystals

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Stockbarger crystal growth, optical assessment and laser performance of holmium-doped yttrium erbium lithium fluoride

Cited by 29 publications

References 6 publications

Cryogenic optical refrigeration

Cryogenic optical refrigeration

Thermal Stability of LiRF4 (R = Gd, Tb) Compounds

Spin-Lattice Relaxation and Superposition Model Calculation in Gd3+-Doped LiErF4and LiDyF4Crystals

Contact Info

Product

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Thermal Stability of LiRF₄ (R = Gd, Tb) Compounds

Spin-Lattice Relaxation and Superposition Model Calculation in Gd³⁺-Doped LiErF₄and LiDyF₄Crystals