“…Furthermore, Farooq et al (2017) report a positive association between dividend payments and the earnings-returns ratio providing further support to De Angelo et al's (2006) argument that dividend decisions can be used as a tool to minimise agency conflicts. Recently, Hamouda (2018) examines share repurchases in light of the political instability in the MENA region using a sample of 1,510 share repurchase events from all ten countries in the region (Bahrain, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia). Complementary to that study, we also confirm that the use of cash dividends is the most popular approach for distributing wealth back to shareholders in these countries.…”