Stochastic Properties of the Random Waypoint Mobility Model

Bettstetter, Christian; Hartenstein, Hannes; Pérez-Costa, Xavier

doi:10.1023/b:wine.0000036458.88990.e5

Cited by 686 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…∆d = n is the number of contending transmissions in our analysis. The required collision avoidance time Figure 1 shows the distribution of the number of slots according to Equation (2). Clearly, for any constant α, the appropriate collision avoidance time increases rapidly as the communication range R or average density ∆d grows.…”

Section: B Flooding Dilemma Below the Water Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Time-critical underwater sensor diffusion with no proactive exchanges and negligible reactive floods

et al. 2007

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Abstract-In this paper we study multi-hop ad hoc routing in a scalable Underwater Sensor Network (UWSN), which is a novel network paradigm for ad hoc investigation of the world below the water surface. Unlike existing Underwater Acoustic Networks (UAN), the new UWSN paradigm dispatches large number (in the thousands) of unmanned low-cost sensor nodes to locally monitor and report otherwise not easily accessible underwater events in a time-critical manner. Due to the large propagation latency and very low bandwidth of the acoustic channel, a new protocol stack and corresponding models are required as conventional approaches fail. In particular, we show that neither proactive routing message exchange nor reactive/on-demand flooding is adequate in the challenging new underwater environment. Unlike the terrestrial scenarios, on-demand flooding cannot be both reliable and efficient due to widespread collisions caused by the large propagation delay. On the other hand, as in terrestrial scenarios, proactive routing is more expensive and less efficient than on-demand routing in typical underwater environments. We propose a "conservative" communications architecture that minimizes the number of all packet transmissions to avoid possible acoustic collisions. This is implemented in the nonintrusive Under-Water Diffusion (UWD), which is a multi-hop ad hoc routing and in-network processing protocol with no proactive routing message exchange and negligible amount of on-demand floods. To achieve its design goal, UWD does not rely on GPS or power hungry motors to control currents. Instead, UWD is designed in a minimalist's framework, which assumes homogeneous GPS-free nodes and random node mobility. Our simulation study verifies the effectiveness and efficiency of our design.

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Section: B Flooding Dilemma Below the Water Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Time-critical underwater sensor diffusion with no proactive exchanges and negligible reactive floods

et al. 2007

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“…In particular for the random waypoint model, ρ L is higher at the central area and lower at the boundary area [4] [5]. For location dependent distributions, the probability of (1) that there are exactly k nodes in a subarea A of the system area A (with respect to a tiny unit area) is changed to…”

Section: Underlying Spatial Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Let's use random way point (RWP) model, the most popular one currently used in simulation studies, as the underlying mobility model. The probability of mobile node's spatial distribution in RWP model has been extensively analyzed in various literatures [4] [5] [25]. For a network deployed in a bounded system area, let the random variable Ω = (X, Y ) denote the Cartesian location of a mobile node in the network area at an arbitrary time instant t. The spatial distribution of a node is expressed in terms of the probability density function…”

Section: Underlying Spatial Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A secure ad-hoc routing approach using localized self-healing communities

Kong

Hong

et al. 2005

Proceedings of the 6th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing

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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are vulnerable to routing attacks, especially attacks launched by non-cooperative (selfish or compromised) network members and appear to be protocol compliant. For instance, since packet loss is common in mobile wireless networks, the adversary can exploit this fact by hiding its malicious intents using compliant packet losses that appear to be caused by environmental reasons.In this paper we study two routing attacks that use non-cooperative network members and disguised packet losses to deplete ad hoc network resources and to reduce ad hoc routing performance. These two routing attacks have not been fully addressed in previous research. We propose the design of "self-healing community" to counter these two attacks. Our design exploits the redundancy in deployment which is typical of most ad hoc networks; Namely, it counters non-cooperative attacks using the probabilistic presence of nearby cooperative network members.To realize the new paradigm, we devise localized simple schemes to (re-)configure self-healing communities in spite of random node mobility. We develop a general analytic model to prove the effectiveness of our design. Then we implement our secure ad hoc routing protocols in simulation to verify the cost and overhead incurred by maintaining the communities. Our study confirms that the community-based security is a cost-effective strategy to make off-the-shelf ad hoc routing protocols secure.

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“…Mobility model is chosen as Random Way Point (RWP) model (Bettstetter et al, 2004). In this model, a mobile node moves on a finite continuous plane from its current position to a new location by randomly choosing its destination coordinates, its speed of movement and the amount of time that it will pause when it reaches the destination.…”

Section: Fig 1: Cross Layer Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Layer Design for Reducing the Energy Consumption based on Mobility Parameter in DSR for Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

A.¹

2012

Journal of Computer Science

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Problem statement:The main idea is to design an energy efficient algorithm for reducing the amount of overhearing based on RSS value in a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). Approach: A cross layer framework is designed by combining the physical, MAC and network layer. RSS value is taken from the physical layer and it is used for finding the Mobility Parameter (MP). MP value determines the level of overhearing and rebroadcast probability. The energy conservation is achieved by integrating the 802.11 PSM with DSR. In 802.11 PSM, all the nodes are in low power sleep state, but the disadvantage here is unconditional overhearing. So, a conditional overhearing mechanism is proposed based on mobility parameter to reduce the energy consumption. This mechanism reduces energy consumption but at the same time, the node mobility results in more stale routes in route cache of DSR over a period of time. This occurs due to the lack of route cache updation. In the proposed design, RSS value determines whether to select the link or not prior to the route discovery process. Results: Simulation results are compared for Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and energy consumption. MP based conditional overhearing shows a 3.2% PDR improvement. It achieves a 20% power saving, if the pause time crosses 300 sec. For the packet injection rate of 2 packets/sec, under no mobility condition, it utilizes 50 joules lesser energy consumption compared to Random Cast. Conclusion: The NS-2 simulation results reveal that the proposed work is energy efficient by reducing the amount of overhearing and also it eliminates the stale routes compared to the classical methods.

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Stochastic Properties of the Random Waypoint Mobility Model

Cited by 686 publications

References 22 publications

Time-critical underwater sensor diffusion with no proactive exchanges and negligible reactive floods

Time-critical underwater sensor diffusion with no proactive exchanges and negligible reactive floods

A secure ad-hoc routing approach using localized self-healing communities

Cross-Layer Design for Reducing the Energy Consumption based on Mobility Parameter in DSR for Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

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