Stimulus Variation and Free Recall: A Confirmation

Daves, Walter F.; Adkins, Mary

doi:10.2307/1420614

The American Journal of Psychology

1969

DOI: 10.2307/1420614

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Stimulus Variation and Free Recall: A Confirmation

Walter F. Daves¹,

Mary Adkins²

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Cited by 4 publications

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“…Several recent experiments have reported that free recall of categories of objects is better when the categories are represented by several different specimens than when they are represented by the same specimen repeated an equivalent number of times (Bevan, Dukes, & Avant, 1966;Daves & Adkins, 1969). This effect has been termed the variety effect (VE) and has been observed in children as well as in college students (McCarson & Daves, in press).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The variety effect in free recall as a function of prerecall activity

Daves

Rinn

1971

Psychon Sci

Self Cite

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The variety effect in free recall as a function of prerecall activity

Daves

Rinn

1971

Psychon Sci

Self Cite

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Effects of context variation, intracategory variation, and spacing on the free recall of pictures

Wright

1976

Scandinavian J Psychology

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Abstract.— Two experiments examined the effects of encoding variability on the free recall of pictures. In Expt. I, drawn objects were presented 3 times in different pictorial contexts (RV) or in the same contexts (RR). In Expt. II, repeated stimuli were 3 different specimens of the same object category (VR) or the same object presented 3 times (RR). Spacing of repetitions was varied from zero to 15, and a mixed‐list design was used. Both RV and VR items tended to be recalled better than and prior to RR items. Recall of RR and of VR items increased with increasing spacing, but recall of RV items showed no spacing effect. In a second recall test, preceded by 4 min of “thinking about” the pictures, the only remaining effect of spacing or of context variation was a low recall of massed RR items. VR items were still recalled better than and prior to RR items. It is suggested that spacing, and variation of the external context of pictures, facilitate retrieval when the time and effort spent on recall is limited, by increasing the numberlvariety of potential recall cues stored together with item information.

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Visual and Verbal Communication in the Design of Eco-Label for Green Consumer Products

Tang

Fryxell

Chow

2004

Journal of International Consumer Marketing

102

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Stimulus Variation and Free Recall: A Confirmation

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

The variety effect in free recall as a function of prerecall activity

The variety effect in free recall as a function of prerecall activity

Effects of context variation, intracategory variation, and spacing on the free recall of pictures

Visual and Verbal Communication in the Design of Eco-Label for Green Consumer Products

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