Stimulus-Preceding Negativity (SPN) and Attention to Rewards

Hackley, Steven A.; Valle-Inclán, Fernando; Hayashi, Masaki; Hebert, Karen

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-398451-7.00017-8

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The 2.5-s delay used in the present study might not have been optimal for isolating habit learning. However, our lab had previously documented a nearly complete absence of SPN in individuals whose dopamine systems had been severely compromised by PD using a 3-s prefeedback delay (Hackley et al, 2014). A 2.5-s delay was FIGU RE 5 Topographical plots of difference potentials calculated by subtracting amplitudes in the third from the first subblock (top) and second from first subblock (bottom).…”

Section: Spn and Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in the stimulus‐preceding negativity and lateralized readiness potential during reinforcement learning

et al. 2017

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According to reinforcement learning theory, dopamine-dependent anticipatory processes play a critical role in learning from action outcomes such as feedback or reward. To better understand outcome anticipation, we examined variation in slow cortical potentials and assessed their changes over the course of motor-skill acquisition. Healthy young adults learned a series of precisely timed, key press sequences. Feedback was delivered at a delay of either 2.5 or 8 s, to encourage use of either the striatally mediated, habit learning system or the hippocampus-dependent, episodic memory system, respectively. During the 2.5-s delay, the stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) was shown to decline in amplitude across trials, confirming previous results from a perceptual categorization task (Morís, Luque, & Rodríguez-Fornells, 2013). This falsifies the hypothesis that SPN reflects specific outcome predictions, on the assumption that the ability to make such predictions should improve as a task is mastered. An SPN was also evident during the 8-s delay, but it increased in amplitude across trials. At the conclusion of the 8-s but not the 2.5-s prefeedback interval, a reversed-polarity lateralized readiness potential (LRP) was noted. It was suggested that this might indicate maintenance of an action representation for comparison with the feedback display. If so, this would constitute the first direct psychophysiological evidence for a popular hypothetical construct in quantitative models of reinforcement learning, the so-called eligibility trace.

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Section: Spn and Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…patients whose dopamine systems have been damaged by Parkinson's disease (Hackley, Valle-Incl an, Masaki, & Hebert, 2014;Mattox et al, 2006). SPN amplitude varies across groups with different alleles of the gene for the enzyme that degrades dopamine (Foti & Hajcak, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in the stimulus‐preceding negativity and lateralized readiness potential during reinforcement learning

et al. 2017

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“…This has been shown, for example, during anticipation of performance feedback, money, erotic photos, and electric shocks (reviewed in Brunia, Hackley, van Boxtel, Kotani, & Ohgami, ). Considerable evidence links the SPN to the dopaminergic reward system (Foti & Hajcak, ; Hackley, Valle‐Inclán, Masaki, & Hebert, ; Mattox, Hackley & Valle‐Inclán, ; Wynn, Horan, Kring, Simons, & Green, ; Zhang, Li, Wang, Liu, & Zheng, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterior insula activity and the effect of agency on the Stimulus‐Preceding Negativity

et al. 2020

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If you know that you are the author of a freely chosen action and that you bear responsibility for its outcome, then you are said to have “a sense of agency.” When there is a delay between action and outcome, this response must be remembered if you are to learn from the experience. Previous studies have shown that the Stimulus‐Preceding Negativity (SPN) recorded during the delay interval is larger under conditions that foster a sense of agency. In an EEG experiment (N = 27), we confirmed that the SPN is larger when participants have a choice between two responses in a gambling task as compared to when there is only a single button and the computer determines the monetary outcome. This SPN agency effect was largest over right prefrontal cortex and it did not vary significantly between trial blocks in which only gains or only losses were possible. Participants in a second experiment (N = 26) performed the same task while activity in anterior insular cortex, a known SPN generator, was measured via functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI). An essentially identical pattern of results was obtained: Activity was greater on choice than no‐choice trials, especially for the right hemisphere, and no effect of contextual valence was observed. Although parallel observations such as these cannot warrant causal inference, our findings are consistent with the assumption that anterior insular cortex contributes to the effect of agency on the SPN.

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“…Outcome-anticipation is most commonly captured by an ERP component known as the stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN), a broad index of anticipatory attention frequently measured in a 200 ms intervals directly prior to feedback onset. In support of reward modulation, numerous studies report that the SPN is elevated prior to rewarding (versus non-rewarding) feedback (for a review see Hackley, Valle-Inclán, Masaki, & Hebert, 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reappraisal and suppression emotion-regulation tendencies differentially predict reward-responsivity and psychological well-being

Kelley¹,

Glazer²,

Pornpattananangkul

et al. 2019

Biological Psychology

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Individuals who suppress their emotions experience less positive emotions, worse relationships, and a reduced quality of life whereas those who tend to reappraise show an opposite pattern. Despite this divergent pattern, few have asked how the use of these emotion-regulation strategies relates to reward responsivity. We predicted that elevated suppression would be associated with blunted reward responsivity, whereas reappraisal would be associated with elevated reward responsivity. To test this hypothesis, participants completed a measure of individual differences in emotion-regulation strategies, measures of self-reported reward responsivity, and then a reward time-estimation task (Kotani et al., 2003) while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Results revealed that individual differences in cognitive reappraisal were unrelated to self-report measures of reward responsivity, whereas suppression was associated with blunted reward responsivity. At the neural level, reappraisal was associated with greater attention to the rewarding cues, as indexed by the P300 event-related potential (ERP) component, whereas suppression was related to blunted reward anticipation, as indexed by the stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) ERP component. Suppression prospectively predicted worse psychological well-being 2.5 years later and blunted neural reward anticipation partially explained this association. Taken together with past research, these results suggest reappraisal tendencies may lead to better outcomes due, in part, to enhanced reward responsivity, whereas the negative consequences of suppression may be associated with blunted reward responsivity.

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Stimulus-Preceding Negativity (SPN) and Attention to Rewards

Cited by 13 publications

References 64 publications

Changes in the stimulus‐preceding negativity and lateralized readiness potential during reinforcement learning

Changes in the stimulus‐preceding negativity and lateralized readiness potential during reinforcement learning

Anterior insula activity and the effect of agency on the Stimulus‐Preceding Negativity

Reappraisal and suppression emotion-regulation tendencies differentially predict reward-responsivity and psychological well-being

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