Stimuli-Responsive Materials for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery

Abstract

<jats:p>Smart or stimuli-responsive materials are an emerging class of materials used for tissue engineering and drug delivery. A variety of stimuli (including temperature, pH, redox-state, light, and magnet fields) are being investigated for their potential to change a material’s properties, interactions, structure, and/or dimensions. The specificity of stimuli response, and ability to respond to endogenous cues inherently present in living systems provide possibilities to develop novel tissue engineering and drug delivery strategies (for example materials composed of stimuli responsive polymers that self-assemble or undergo phase transitions or morphology transformations). Herein, smart materials as controlled drug release vehicles for tissue engineering are described, highlighting their potential for the delivery of precise quantities of drugs at specific locations and times promoting the controlled repair or remodeling of tissues.</jats:p>

Investigation of the LCST-Thermoresponsive Behavior of Novel Oligo(Ethylene Glycol)-Modified Pentafluorostyrene Homopolymers

“…Stimuli-responsive polymers show their potential in the variations of properties upon the application of an external stimuli [1]. Their peculiarities have attracted increasing interest in recent decades for their potential applications as smart materials, e.g., in drug delivery [2], tissue engineering [3], biosensing [4], and smart coating [5]. Among various possible stimuli, temperature is the most commonly exploited due to the ease of applying the stimulus, the possible applications in biological systems, and the often reversible nature of the change in properties of the polymer [6].…”

“…Number average degree of polymerization. 2 Molecular weight calculated from 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) 3. Molecular weight and dispersity measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).…”

“…Onset temperature, reported with an error of ±0.5 • C 2. Peak maximum temperature, reported with an error of ±0.5 • C 3. Per mole of monomeric unit, reported with an error of ±0.7 KJ/mol 4.…”

Polymeric Nanocarriers: A Transformation in Doxorubicin Therapies

“…Other promising strategies include chemical stimuli-responsive DDSs that can release the drug from a carrier by pH changes and using acid-labile or redox-responsive chemical bonds [79,80]. Among the common physical stimuli, thermo/magnetic-responsiveness and light/ultrasound-triggered stimulus are the most frequently used [81,82,83]. For all these features, targeting strategies of DDSs present an exciting approach for anticancer treatment.…”

Wirelessly triggered bioactive molecule delivery from degradable electroactive polymer films

“…Stimuli‐responsive drug delivery systems potentially enable the treatment of such conditions because they have potential for spatiotemporally controlled drug delivery 8 . Indeed, materials responding to stimuli (such as enzymes, light, pH, temperature, ultrasound and electric/magnetic fields) have been developed for use as drug delivery devices, 9–24 with reviews specifically on the application of electroactive materials for drug delivery 25–31 …”