Stimulatory effect of an anion(chloride)-rich ration on apparent calcium absorption in dairy cows

Schonewille, J.T.; Klooster, Astrid; Dirkzwager, A.; Beynen, A.C.

doi:10.1016/0301-6226(94)90091-4

Cited by 47 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…When the DCAD is low enough, it can increase apparent Ca absorption in cows (48) as a response to the effect of the DCAD on urinary Ca excretion. Urinary Ca clearance from the blood must therefore be compensated at the first instance it occurs by increased intestinal absorption.…”

Section: Reduction Of the Dietary Cation -Anion Differencementioning

confidence: 99%

A novel model to explain dietary factors affecting hypocalcaemia in dairy cattle

Martín-Tereso

Verstegen

2011

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Most dairy cows exhibit different degrees of hypocalcaemia around calving because the gestational Ca requirements shift to the disproportionately high Ca requirements of lactation. Ca homeostasis is a robust system that effectively adapts to changes in Ca demand or supply. However, these adaptations often are not rapid enough to avoid hypocalcaemia. A delay in the reconfiguration of intestinal Ca absorption and bone resorption is probably the underlying cause of this transient hypocalcaemia. Several dietary factors that affect different aspects of Ca metabolism are known to reduce the incidence of milk fever. The present review describes the interactions between nutrition and Ca homeostasis using observations from cattle and extrapolations from other species and aims to quantitatively model the effects of the nutritional approaches that are used to induce dry cows into an early adaptation of Ca metabolism. The present model suggests that reducing dietary cation -anion difference (DCAD) increases Ca clearance from the blood by dietary induction of systemic acidosis, which results in hypercalciuria due to the loss of function of the renal Ca transient receptor potential vanilloid channel TRPV5. Alternatively, reducing the gastrointestinal availability of Ca by reducing dietary Ca or its nutritional availability will also induce the activation of Ca metabolism to compensate for basal blood Ca clearance. Our model of gastrointestinal Ca availability as well as blood Ca clearance in the transition dairy cow allowed us to conclude that the most common dietary strategies for milk fever prevention may have analogous modes of action that are based on the principle of metabolic adaptation before calving.

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Section: Reduction Of the Dietary Cation -Anion Differencementioning

confidence: 99%

A novel model to explain dietary factors affecting hypocalcaemia in dairy cattle

Martín-Tereso

Verstegen

2011

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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“…In support of this premise, Fredeen et al (1988) showed that rates of Ca absorption and resorption were elevated in goats made acidotic. Schonewille et al (1994), however, reported no effect of DCAD on markers of bone resorption. In the present experiment the reduction in faecal Ca output was greater than the increase in Ca excreted in urine, and the urinary output of hydroxyproline (an accepted marker of bone resorption; Russell, 1997) was not affected by treatment (P =0 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The increased absorption did not affect plasma Ca (Table 3). Schonewille et al (1994) also found an increased absorption of Ca when anionic salts were fed, but reported that only 60 % of increased urinary Ca output could be accounted for by increased absorption. As a result many researchers have postulated that bone resorption may be contributing the Ca unaccounted for by absorption into the excreted Ca pool.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a metabolically created systemic acidosis on calcium homeostasis and the diurnal variation in urine pH in the non-lactating pregnant dairy cow

Roche

Dalley²,

O’Mara

2006

Journal of Dairy Research

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Reducing the dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) has been shown to be an effective means of preventing parturient paresis in confinement systems where cows are offered a total mixed ration containing DCAD-reducing mineral compounds (anionic salts). Such a supplementation strategy is not possible in cows being group fed forages precalving, and little is known about the effect of supplementing these cows with large amounts of anionic salts twice daily.Eight non-lactating, pregnant Holstein-Friesian cows were allocated to two levels of DCAD ( -20 and +18 meq/100 g DM) for 24 d, with an intensive Ca balance undertaken in metabolism stalls following a 2-week acclimatization to diet. The basal diet was 3 kg DM of crushed barley and 7 kg DM of pasture-hay. Urine and faeces were collected separately, weighed daily for 5 d and analysed for Ca content. Urinary Ca, creatinine and hydroxyproline concentration and plasma Ca concentration were determined during the period of the balance study. The diurnal pattern in urine and rumen pH was determined over 2 d. Decreasing DCAD reduced (P <0 . 001) the pH of urine, and increased (P <0 . 05) Ca absorption. Plasma Ca concentration was not affected by DCAD, and DCAD did not affect the output of urinary hydroxyproline, a marker of bone resorption. Twice-daily supplementation of anionic salts was sufficient to reduce the pH of blood and increase gastrointestinal Ca absorption. There was no diurnal variation in the pH of urine, suggesting that time of sampling to determine efficacy of DCAD in reducing systemic pH was not important.

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“…Blood Ca concentrations are normally maintained at relatively constant levels, and therefore an increased entry of Ca into the plasma pool will result in increased output of Ca in urine (Schonewille et al, 1994;Kurosaki et al, 2007). The increased output of Ca in urine is therefore a direct indication that Ca mobilisation from skeletal reserves or increased absorption from the intestine (or both) have been initiated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anionic salts and dietary 25-hydroxyvitamin D stimulate calcium availability in steers

McGrath

Savage

Nolan

et al. 2013

Animal

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The influence of feeds containing varying dietary cation-anion differences (DCADs) with and without supplements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) on urine pH and excretion of macro minerals was determined in fistulated crossbred steers (mean live weight 315 6 45 kg). A basal forage diet comprising lucerne hay and wheat chaff was used, to which varying quantities of MgCl 2 or K 2 CO 3 were added to achieve four levels of DCAD: 2300, 50, 150 or 250 mEq/kg dry matter (DM). Steers were allocated to one of six treatments, one treatment for each diet and a further treatment for both the 50 and 150 mEq/kg DCAD diets, which were supplemented with 25(OH)D at a rate of 3 mg/steer per day. Urine pH from steers offered the diets comprising DCADs of 50, 150 and 250 mEq/kg ranging from 8.3 to 8.8. In treatments not containing 25(OH)D with DCADs of 50 to 250 mEq/kg, there were no significant differences in urine pH or Ca excretion. However, steers offered the diet with a DCAD of 2300 mEq/kg DM produced urine with a significantly lower pH (6.5 to 7.5). Daily output of Ca in urine was also significantly higher from steers given this diet. Supplementation with 25(OH)D significantly increased urinary Ca excretion from steers offered diets of DCADs 50 and 150 mEq/kg DM. Estimates of daily urinary Ca excretion, calculated using the ratio of creatinine to Ca in 'spot' urine samples, were less variable than those based on total collection (residual mean square of 0.54 and 0.63, respectively).

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Stimulatory effect of an anion(chloride)-rich ration on apparent calcium absorption in dairy cows

Cited by 47 publications

References 22 publications

A novel model to explain dietary factors affecting hypocalcaemia in dairy cattle

A novel model to explain dietary factors affecting hypocalcaemia in dairy cattle

Effect of a metabolically created systemic acidosis on calcium homeostasis and the diurnal variation in urine pH in the non-lactating pregnant dairy cow

Anionic salts and dietary 25-hydroxyvitamin D stimulate calcium availability in steers

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