Stimulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells with Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Affect Cancer Progression

Yunus, Muhammad Amir; Ramli, Muhammad Mahyiddin; Osman, Nurul Huda; Mohamed, Rafeezul

doi:10.1007/s00005-021-00625-6

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…The Graphene family of nanomaterials change ROS production in immune cells [ 50 ]. Moreover, stimulation of ROS production is considered as one of the key mechanisms of graphene cytotoxicity [ 51 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of Graphene Oxide Modified with Linear and Branched PEG with Monocytes Isolated from Human Blood

et al. 2021

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Multiple graphene-based therapeutics have recently been developed, however potential risks related to the interaction between nanomaterials and immune cells are still poorly understood. Therefore, studying the impact of graphene oxide on various populations of immune cells is of importance. In this work, we aimed to investigate the effects of PEGylated graphene oxide on monocytes isolated from human peripheral blood. Graphene oxide nanoparticles with lateral sizes of 100–200 nm and 1–5 μm were modified with linear and branched PEG (GO-PEG). Size, elemental composition, and structure of the resulting nanoparticles were characterized. We confirmed that PEG was successfully attached to the graphene oxide surface. The influence of GO-PEG on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines, phagocytosis, and viability of monocytes was studied. Uptake of GO-PEG by monocytes depends on PEG structure (linear or branched). Branched PEG decreased the number of GO-PEG nanoparticles per monocyte. The viability of monocytes was not altered by co-cultivation with GO-PEG. GO-PEG decreased the phagocytosis of Escherichia coli in a concentration-dependent manner. ROS formation by monocytes was determined by measuring luminol-, lucigenin-, and dichlorodihydrofluorescein-dependent luminescence. GO-PEG decreased luminescent signal probably due to inactivation of ROS, such as hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. Some types of GO-PEG stimulated secretion of IL-10 by monocytes, but this effect did not correlate with their size or PEG structure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite many papers reporting that GO induces ROS formation in immune cells [ 50 ], GO can also hinder ROS production when acting as a ROS scavenger due to its multiple sp 2 carbon atoms [ 5 ]. Besides, GO is an efficient luminescent quencher [ 52 ] and is, therefore, able to interfere with ROS detection techniques [ 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Graphene Oxide Modified with Linear and Branched PEG with Monocytes Isolated from Human Blood

et al. 2021

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“…DCs play a crucial role in the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses in various diseases, making them a promising target for therapeutic applications of GO [52] . Initial study has shown that pristine GO induces maturation of DCs by upregulating the expression of HLA-DR/MHC-II, CD40, CD83, CD86, and CCR6, and enhancing secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β [53] .…”

Section: Different Size Shape Of Go and Antigen-coupled Go Effects On...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revolutionizing cancer treatment by boosting dendritic cell vaccine efficacy with graphene oxide

et al. 2023

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Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen presenting cells that play a crucial role in stimulating T cell responses against cancer. DC vaccines have been utilized as an immunotherapy approach for cancer treatment, but their effectiveness is hampered by challenges in the tumor microenvironment. Graphene oxide (GO), a cutting-edge carbon-based nanomaterial, has shown promise in modulating DC activation and function. This review highlights the recent advancements in DC vaccines and explores how GO can enhance their efficacy for cancer treatment. By leveraging the unique properties of GO, such as its biocompatibility and immunomodulatory effects, DC vaccines can potentially be optimized to overcome the limitations of the tumor microenvironment and achieve improved outcomes in cancer immunotherapy.

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“…In vivo studies in mice [ 103 ] and fish [ 104 ] resulted in toxic effects, demonstrating that further studies on GO/rGO biocompatibility are needed. Notably, GO/rGO could stimulate the immune response by inducing cellular activation and cytokine production [ 105 ].…”

Section: Properties Of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent biomedical advancements in graphene oxide- and reduced graphene oxide-based nanocomposite nanocarriers

et al. 2022

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Recently, nanocarriers, including micelles, polymers, carbon-based materials, liposomes, and other substances, have been developed for efficient delivery of drugs, nucleotides, and biomolecules. This review focuses on graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as active components in nanocarriers, because their chemical structures and easy functionalization can be valuable assets for in vitro and in vivo delivery. Herein, we describe the preparation, structure, and functionalization of GO and rGO. Additionally, their important properties to function as nanocarriers are presented, including their molecular interactions with various compounds, near-infrared light adsorption, and biocompatibility. Subsequently, their mechanisms and the most appealing examples of their delivery applications are summarized. Overall, GO- and rGO-based nanocomposites show great promise as multipurpose nanocarriers owing to their various potential applications in drug and gene delivery, phototherapy, bioimaging, biosensing, tissue engineering, and as antibacterial agents.

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Stimulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells with Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Affect Cancer Progression

Cited by 9 publications

References 102 publications

Interaction of Graphene Oxide Modified with Linear and Branched PEG with Monocytes Isolated from Human Blood

Interaction of Graphene Oxide Modified with Linear and Branched PEG with Monocytes Isolated from Human Blood

Revolutionizing cancer treatment by boosting dendritic cell vaccine efficacy with graphene oxide

Recent biomedical advancements in graphene oxide- and reduced graphene oxide-based nanocomposite nanocarriers

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