Stimulation of humoral antibody formation by polyanions. IV. The effects of dextran sulfate on the kinetics of secondary immune response in mice

Diamantstein, Tibor; Wagner, Barbara; Odenwald, Maria V.; Schulz, G.

doi:10.1002/eji.1830010604

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Carbonyl iron [57], zymosan and other glucans (Hadden et al, in [73]), and possibly polyelectrolytes in general [63] appear to act by providing a phagocytic load and macrophage replication in response to this load. Polyanions such as dextran sulfate and polyacrylic acid are strong adjuvants which also appear to act directly on macrophages [43,44,45,46], enhancing not only primary and secondary antibody responses but also the delayed hypersensitivity response to antigen given at the same site. Here something more than simple phagocytosis must be at work, perhaps a form of membrane activation analogous to that produced by hydrophobic antigens mentioned earlier.…”

Section: Effects Onmacrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjuvants and immune regulation by lymphoid cells

Waksman

1979

Springer Semin Immunopathol

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The modern concept of the mode of action of adjuvants has evolved in exact relation to our understanding of the lymphoid organ system and the complexity of the immune response and its regulation. In the late 60's, attention remained focussed primarily on 'the antibody response' and on the physical attributes of adjuvants which enhanced this response. A major symposium published in 1967 [145] emphasized: the value of depot formation, with slow release of antigen and development of a local granuloma; the value of particles bearing antigenic determinants; the relative merits of water-in-oil emulsions, and the usefulness of metabolizable oils; the apparent importance of lipophilic or surface active materials as adjuvants; and the striking activity of cationic quarternary ammonium compounds with long alkyl side chains.Unquestionably the first insight into the selective or differential action of adjuvants on immune responses was Dienes' demonstration in the late 20's that simple protein antigens preferentially induce CMI (cell-mediated immunity, delayed hypersensitivity) when injected into a tuberculous focus [47]. This theme was continued in the early studies of Freund's adjuvant [60] and more recent studies of tubercle bacillus derivatives such as MDP (muramyl dipeptide) [25]. White, in the 1967 symposium, demonstrated that mycobacterial adjuvants which intensified the cell-mediated response also increased 72 antibody formation relative to 71 (in the guinea pig). We now know both of these to be intensely thymusdependent responses, and current research on MDP, for example, is focussed on the action of this compound directly on various subpopulations of T-lymphocytes in culture.

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Section: Effects Onmacrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjuvants and immune regulation by lymphoid cells

Waksman

1979

Springer Semin Immunopathol

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“…Moreover, the effect of poly A:U on secondary response was restricted t o 19 S antibody formation, while their effect o n 7 S PFC was reported t o be of "questionable significance". As shown previously, the effects of poly A:U [ 5 ] and of polyanions [ 1-41 on the primary immune response depend o n the antigen dose injected. The adjuvant action of these substances was more pronounced in mice immunized with suboptimal than with optimal doses of antigen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Braun et al [5] reported that poly A:U (a polyanion of phosphated polymer type) enhances secondary response less effectively than primary immune response t o SRBC in mice. Moreover, the effect of poly A:U on secondary response was restricted t o 19 S antibody formation, while their effect o n 7 S PFC was reported t o be of "questionable significance".…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of humoral antibody formation by polyanions. V. Relationship between enhancement of sheep red blood cell uptake by the spleen and adjuvant action of dextran sulfate

1971

Self Cite

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The effect of a polyanion, dextran sulfate, on the uptake of 51Cr‐labeled sheep red blood cells (51Cr‐SRBC) by the spleen of mice was investigated. Enhancement of 51Cr‐SRBC uptake by the spleen could only be detected under the conditions which had previously been detected as requirement for the adjuvant action of dextran sulfate. Plaque‐forming cell (PFC) values assayed in the spleen of mice injected with dextran sulfate and graded amounts of SRBC were compared with PFC values of controls and PFC values calculated from effective antigen amounts, i. e. total radioactivity measured in the spleen of dextran sulfate‐treated animals. PFC values assayed were found to correlate with the PFC values calculated. The possible significance of increased antigen uptake by the spleen for the mechanism of adjuvant action of polyanions has been discussed.

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“…In vivo activation of B-cells in mice devoid of T-cells has also been observed [59,60]. Thus, the PAA polymers are capable of initiating an immune response in B-cells, without assistance of T-cells or APCs [60][61][62][63][64]. This ability of PAA to respond independently of T-cells has important implications for mucosal immune response as T-cell dependent IgA class switching and T-cell dependent antibody responses takes 5 to 7 days to develop [65].…”

Section: Polyacrylic Polymers As Mucosal Adjuvant and Immunomodulatormentioning

confidence: 85%

Synthetic Polyacrylate Polymers as Particulate Intranasal Vaccine Delivery Systems for the Induction of Mucosal Immune Response

Zaman¹,

Simerská²,

Tóth

2010

CDD

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The nasal route as a site of vaccine delivery for both local and systemic effect is currently of considerable interest. The administration of vaccines to mucosal surfaces such as the nasopharynx associated lymphoid tissues confers many advantages since the nasal mucosa is a primary site through which most inhaled antigens are encountered. However, the success of intranasally delivered mucosal vaccines is limited by lack of effective vaccine formulations or delivery systems suitable for use in humans. This review provides a brief overview of the mucosal immune system at the nasal surface, enhancement techniques for induction of mucosal immune response after intranasal administration of particulate systems and an explanation of the inherent properties of polyacrylate polymer-based particulate systems that may facilitate mucosal immune responses.

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Stimulation of humoral antibody formation by polyanions. IV. The effects of dextran sulfate on the kinetics of secondary immune response in mice

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Adjuvants and immune regulation by lymphoid cells

Adjuvants and immune regulation by lymphoid cells

Stimulation of humoral antibody formation by polyanions. V. Relationship between enhancement of sheep red blood cell uptake by the spleen and adjuvant action of dextran sulfate

Synthetic Polyacrylate Polymers as Particulate Intranasal Vaccine Delivery Systems for the Induction of Mucosal Immune Response

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