Stimulation of humoral antibody formation by polyanions. II. The influence of sulfate esters of polymers on the immune response in mice

Abstract

Dextran sulfate enhanced immune response in mice immunized with sheep red blood cells. This stimulation took place only when dextran sulfate was given close t o the time of antigen injection. Dextran sulfate injected one day prior or one hour after antigen inoculation was ineffective. The degree of stimulation of immune response by dextran sulfate depends on the polyanion doses and on antigen doses used. Maximum stimulation of immune response could be noticed when 500 pg dextran sulfate was injected one hour prior t o inoculation of a suboptimal antigen dose, both dextran sulfate and 2 x lo6 sheep red blood cells given via the same route intraperitoneally. However, significant stimulation of immune response also took place when dextran sulfate and antigen were given by different routes. Dextran has no effect on immune response, whereas DEAE-dextran inhibits immune response in mice immunized with suboptimal antigen doses. Results obtained by these experiments clearly demonstrate that the polyanionic structure of polymers is a requirement for their adjuvant activity.

Synthetic Oligonucleotides: The Development of Antisense Therapeutics

“…At extraordinarily high doses (15-50 times the targeted clinical doses), hepatocellular and renal tubular degeneration are evident in rodents (18,19,21,35 (19,21,32,35). In general, lymphoid proliferation has been associated with stimulation of lymphocytes and appears similar to effects induced by other polyanionic compounds (11,22,34). This immune stimulatory effect has been characterized in numerous studies in vitro and in vivo and involves primarily proliferation of B lymphocytes (11,22,34).…”

Chemoprophylaxis of scrapie in mice

“…It is unlikely that SP54 exhibits its effect via a known response of the host's immune defence system although the polyanion DS500 has been reported to stimulate antibody production (Diamantstein et al, 1971), is a B cell mitogen (D6ries et al, 1974) and an adjuvant for cellmediated immune responses (McCarthy et al, 1977). However, unconventional viruses do not elicit an immune reaction and immunostimulatory substances used to alter scrapie pathogenesis have been shown to shorten rather than to lengthen incubation periods (Dickinson et al, 1978;Kimberlin & Cunnington, 1978).…”

Morphological Changes in the Mouse Popliteal Lymph Node after Local Injection of Dextran Sulfate

“…Although DS is known to be a potent B-cell mitogen (Dorries et al 1974) and an immunological adjuvant (Diamantstein et al 1971;McCarthy et al 1977), we found that, when a high dose of dextran sulfate (DS, mol. wt 500,000) was locally administered, macrophages markedly disappeared from the lumen of lymphatic sinuses and from the lining layer of subcapsular sinuses, and lymph follicles in the peripheral cortex were disorganized extensively.…”