Stimulation by insulin of rat liver β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and cholesterol-synthesizing activities

Lakshmanan, M.; Nepokroeff, Carl M.; Ness, Gene C.; Dugan, Richard E.; Porter, John W.

doi:10.1016/0006-291x(73)91301-6

Cited by 128 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The slightly decreased concentration of blood cholesterol during the Nib HFD compared to the LFD may be related to the reduction in insulin secretion and postprandial nutrients after nibbling. 3-Hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, is stimulated in amount and activity by circulating insulin (Lakshmanan et al, 1973). Reduction in insulin concentrations at the end of the day as seen in the present study during the Nib HFD compared to the LFD regimen, may result in a reduction of HMGCoA reductase activity and a decrease in the rate of hepatic cholesterol synthesis over the day (Lakshmanan et al, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…3-Hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, is stimulated in amount and activity by circulating insulin (Lakshmanan et al, 1973). Reduction in insulin concentrations at the end of the day as seen in the present study during the Nib HFD compared to the LFD regimen, may result in a reduction of HMGCoA reductase activity and a decrease in the rate of hepatic cholesterol synthesis over the day (Lakshmanan et al, 1973). It has also been reported that Nib may reduce total cholesterol in blood by a decreased hepatic cholesterol synthesis (Jones et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of meal frequency and high-fibre rye-bread diet on glucose and lipid metabolism and ileal excretion of energy and sterols in ileostomy subjects

et al. 2004

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Objective: To investigate the effect of a rye, high-fibre diet (HFD) vs a wheat, low-fibre diet (LFD), meal frequency, nibbling (Nib, seven times a day) or ordinary (Ord, three times a day), and their combined effects on blood glucose, insulin, lipids, urinary C-peptide and ileal excretion of energy, cholesterol and bile acids in humans. Design: LFD period with Nib or Ord meal frequency followed by an HFD diet with Nib or Ord meal frequency in randomized, crossover design. Setting: Outpatients of ileostomy volunteers were called for an investigation in research word. Subjects: A total of 10 subjects (two female subjects, age 34 and 51 y; eight males, mean age 54.4 y, range 43-65 y) participated in the experiment. All subjects were proctocolectomized for ulcerative colitis (mean 16.0 y, range 8-29 y before the study). Intervention: In total, 10 ileostomy subjects started with LFD for 2 weeks, the first week on either Nib (five subjects) or Ord (five subjects) and the second week on the other meal frequencies, in a crossover design, followed by a wash-out week, and continued with HFD period for 2 weeks in the same meal frequency manner. All foods consumed in both Nib or Ord regimens were identical and a high-fibre rye bread was used in the HFD period and a low-fibre wheat bread in the LFD period. Main outcome measures: Day-profiles of blood glucose, insulin and lipids, blood lipids before and after dietary intervention, and excretion of steroids in the effluents and C-peptide in the urine. Results: During the Nib regimen, plasma glucose and insulin peaks were lower at the end of the day with HFD compared with LFD. Urinary C-peptide excretion was significantly higher in the day-time on LFD compared with HFD (LFD-Ord vs HFD-Ord, Po0.01; LFD-Nib vs HFD-Nib, Po0.01). Plasma free-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were significantly higher (Po0.05) after LFD than after HFD with the Nib regimen. A higher excretion of energy (Po0.05) and chenodeoxycholic acid (Po0.05) were observed with HFD compared with LFD regardless of meal frequency. A higher daily excretion of cholic acid, total bile acids, cholesterol, net cholesterol and net sterols (Po0.05) was observed on HFD compared with LFD with the Nib regimen. Conclusions: An HFD decreased insulin secretion measured as a decreased excretion of C-peptide in urine and as decreased plasma insulin peaks at the end of the day during a Nib regimen. The smoother glycaemic responses at the end of the day during a Nib regimen may be a consequence of a second meal phenomenon, possibly related to the nature of dietary fibre complex. Contributors: EAL and JXZ were responsible for the study design, conducting the dietary intervention, completing the statistical analysis and writing the paper. PT was responsible for the study design and conducting the dietary intervention of the study. DL was involved in the advisory of writing the paper and the analysis of the blood lipids. PÅ was involved in the concept and planning, and the analysis of the nutrients in the...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of meal frequency and high-fibre rye-bread diet on glucose and lipid metabolism and ileal excretion of energy and sterols in ileostomy subjects

et al. 2004

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“…Regarding the mechanisms of improved blood lipid levels, increased fiber intake may be suggested. As the other possible factor, we may be able to suggest the reduced postprandial secretion of insulin, which induces the synthesis of total cholesterol (TC) (23) and triacylglycerol (TG) (24). Rice bran from PGBR contains ␥-oryzanols (ferulate ester of triterpene alcohols) which are effective in improving hyperlipidemia (25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pre-Germinated Brown Rice on Blood Glucose and Lipid Levels in Free-Living Patients with Impaired Fasting Glucose or Type 2 Diabetes

Hsu

Kise

Wang

et al. 2008

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary White rice (WR) is made by polishing brown rice (BR) and has lost various nutrients; however, most people prefer it to BR, maybe because of the hardness of BR. Pregerminated brown rice (PGBR) improves the problem of BR. It is made by soaking BR kernels in water to germinate and becomes softer than BR. In this study we compared the effects of WR and PGBR on blood glucose and lipid concentrations in the impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or type 2 diabetes patients. Six men and 5 women with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to 6 wk on WR or PGBR diet separated by a 2 wk washout interval in a crossover design. Each subject was instructed to consume 3 packs of cooked WR or PGBR (180 g/pack) daily in each intervention phase. Blood samples were collected 4 times (in study weeks 0, 6, 8 and 14) for biochemical examination. Blood concentrations of fasting blood glucose, fructosamine, serum total cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels were favorably improved on the PGBR diet ( p Ͻ 0.01), but not on the WR diet. The present results suggest that diets including PGBR may be useful to control blood glucose level.

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“…Insulin increases the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis in the liver. 22,23 Insulin also activates low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors in the liver, and thereby increasing cholesterol excretion in the bile. 24 In fact, hyperinsulinaemia has been shown to be associated with increased risk of gallstones in several studies.…”

Section: Heaton Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallstone disease risk in relation to body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio in Japanese men

et al. 1999

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OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) to gallstones and postcholecystectomy risk in middle-aged Japanese men. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: We used 174 men with prevalent gallstones, 104 with postcholecystectomy and 6909 with normal gallbladder in the consecutive series of 7637 men aged 48 ± 59 y receiving a preretirement health examination at four hospitals of the Japan Self-Defense Forces between 1986 and 1994. MEASUREMENTS: Gallbladder status was assessed by abdominal ultrasonography after an overnight fast. BMI was calculated as weight in kilogram divided by height in square meters, and WHR was used as a measure of central obesity. Analysis of the WHR was limited to a subset of data for the period 1991 ± 1994 (gallstones 113, postcholecystectomy 66 and normal gallbladder 4410). RESULTS: After adjustment for hospital, rank in the Self-Defense Forces, cigarette smoking, alcohol use and glucose tolerance, BMI was signi®cantly associated with an increased risk of both prevalent gallstones and postcholecystectomy. WHR also showed a signi®cant positive association with each of the two conditions. When BMI and WHR were mutually adjusted for, both of the obesity indices tended to be associated positively with prevalent gallstones and postcholecystectomy. CONCLUSION: These ®ndings indicate that obesity is associated with increased gallstone risk in men.

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Stimulation by insulin of rat liver β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and cholesterol-synthesizing activities

Cited by 128 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of meal frequency and high-fibre rye-bread diet on glucose and lipid metabolism and ileal excretion of energy and sterols in ileostomy subjects

Effects of meal frequency and high-fibre rye-bread diet on glucose and lipid metabolism and ileal excretion of energy and sterols in ileostomy subjects

Effects of Pre-Germinated Brown Rice on Blood Glucose and Lipid Levels in Free-Living Patients with Impaired Fasting Glucose or Type 2 Diabetes

Gallstone disease risk in relation to body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio in Japanese men

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