Stimulation by Caffeic Acid, Coumalic Acid, and Corilagin of the Germination of Resting Spores of the Clubroot Pathogen<i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>

Ohi, Michio; Kitamura, Takashi; Hata, Shuichi

doi:10.1271/bbb.67.170

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Features of S. subterranea resting spore dormancy observed in this study were similar to those reported for P. brassicae (Ohi et al. ; Friberg et al. ) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Resting Spore Dormancy and Infectivity Characteristics of the Potato Powdery Scab Pathogen Spongospora subterranea

Balendres

Tegg

Wilson

2017

Journal of Phytopathology

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The soil‐borne potato pathogen Spongospora subterranea persists in soil as sporosori, which are aggregates of resting spores. Resting spores may germinate in the presence of plant or environmental stimuli, but direct evidence for resting spore dormancy is limited. A soilless tomato bait plant bioassay and microscopic examination were used to examine features of S. subterranea resting spore dormancy and infectivity. Dried sporosori inocula prepared from tuber lesions and root galls were infective after both short‐ and long‐term storage (1 week to 5 years for tuber lesions and 1 week to 1 year for root galls) with both young and mature root galls inocula showing infectivity. This demonstrated that a proportion of all S. subterranea resting spores regardless of maturity exhibit characteristics of stimuli‐responsive dormancy, germinating under the stimulatory conditions of the bait host plant bioassay. However, evidence for constitutive dormancy within the resting spore population was also provided as incubation of sporosorus inoculum in a germination‐stimulating environment did not fully exhaust germination potential even after 2.4 years. We conclude that S. subterranea sporosori contain both exogenous (stimuli‐responsive) and constitutively dormant resting spores, which enables successful host infection by germination in response to plant stimuli and long‐term persistence in the soil.

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“…Features of S. subterranea resting spore dormancy observed in this study were similar to those reported for P. brassicae (Ohi et al. ; Friberg et al. ) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Resting Spore Dormancy and Infectivity Characteristics of the Potato Powdery Scab Pathogen Spongospora subterranea

Balendres

Tegg

Wilson

2017

Journal of Phytopathology

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“…This finding was supported by the evidence of root exudates from Brassica host (broccoli) and non-Brassica host (ryegrass), both stimulated spore germination [46]. Studies also reported that some specific stimulants such as caffeic acid, coumalic acid, corilagin, and others could stimulate resting spore germination in Chinese cabbage [47,48]. All these studies suggest that the Brassica species have unique root characteristics which permit pathogen invasion and subsequent infection for the disease development.…”

Section: Host-pathogen Interactions a During Resting Spore Germinationmentioning

confidence: 71%

Understanding the Genetics of Clubroot Resistance for Effectively Controlling this Disease in Brassica Species

Hirani¹,

Li²

2015

Plants for the Future

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Clubroot disease is one of the most serious diseases of Brassica species, which is caused by soil-borne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin. Clubroot disease has a long history on vegetable crops belonging to the Brassica species most recently, this disease is also invading rapeseed/canola crop around the globe. The clubroot disease causes significant yield and quality losses in highly infected fields. Clubroot pathogens invade into the host plant roots and infect root tissues with the formation of abnormal clubs, named as galls, which results in incompetent plant roots to intake water and nutrients and eventually dead plants. As it is a soil-borne disease and accomplishes its disease cycle in two different phases and both phases are highly efficient to damage root system as well as to release more inoculum, there are many challenges to control this disease through chemical and other cultural practices. In general, clubroot disease can be effectively managed by developing resistant cultivars. In this chapter, various resistance sources of clubroot disease in different Brassica species have been discussed with potential applications in canola/rapeseed breeding programs worldwide.Importance of gene mapping and molecular marker development efforts by different research studies for clubroot in B. rapa, B. oleracea, and B. napus has been stressed.Transcriptomic and metabolomic changes occurring during host-pathogen interactions are also covered in this chapter, which would enhance our understanding and utilization of clubroot resistance in Brassica species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Compounds in the first component may occur universally in the root exudates of hosts and nonhosts. It is probable that caffeic acid, coumalic acid and corilagin, identified by Ohi et al (2003), are among these compounds. For the second GSF component, the involvement of enzymatic activity not only generates stimulatory chemicals, but also provides a potential avenue for the pathogen to recognize its host.…”

Section: Molecular Mechanism Of Resting Spore Germination Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of a serine protease Pro1 from Plasmodiophora brassicae that stimulates resting spore germination

Feng

Hwang

et al. 2010

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is one of the most serious diseases of cultivated cruciferous crops in the world. However, the basis for pathogenicity in P. brassicae is not well understood. In this study, a serine protease gene (PRO1) was cloned from P. brassicae and its molecular characteristics were investigated. Southern analysis and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification indicated that PRO1 is a single-copy gene present in a broad range of P. brassicae pathotypes. Northern analysis revealed that the expression of PRO1 was induced during plant infection, and that the quantity of transcript fluctuated according to the stage of pathogenesis. Amino acid sequence analysis suggested that the encoded protein (Pro1) belongs to the S28 family of proteases, with a predicted signal peptide and a theoretical molecular mass of 49.4 kDa. The open reading frame (ORF) of PRO1 was transferred into Pichia pastoris and Pro1 was heterologously produced. Pro1 showed proteolytic activity on skimmed milk and N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Phe-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin, and the activity could be inhibited by serine protease inhibitors and the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The optimal temperature of Pro1 was 25 degrees C, and it exhibited high activity at pH 6.0-6.4. These values coincide with the temperature and pH conditions favourable for P. brassicae resting spore germination in the field. When Pro1 was used to treat canola root exudates, it enhanced the stimulating effect of the root exudates on P. brassicae resting spore germination, indicating that Pro1 may play a role during clubroot pathogenesis by stimulating resting spore germination through its proteolytic activity.

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Stimulation by Caffeic Acid, Coumalic Acid, and Corilagin of the Germination of Resting Spores of the Clubroot PathogenPlasmodiophora brassicae

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Resting Spore Dormancy and Infectivity Characteristics of the Potato Powdery Scab Pathogen Spongospora subterranea

Resting Spore Dormancy and Infectivity Characteristics of the Potato Powdery Scab Pathogen Spongospora subterranea

Understanding the Genetics of Clubroot Resistance for Effectively Controlling this Disease in Brassica Species

Molecular characterization of a serine protease Pro1 from Plasmodiophora brassicae that stimulates resting spore germination

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