Stimulating fastigial nucleus pressor region elicits patterned respiratory responses

Lutherer, L. O.; Williams, John L.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1986.250.3.r418

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Cerebellar structures play an essential role in the onset of inspiration after apnea (Lutherer and Williams 1986; Gozal et al . 1995), in recovery from extremes of blood pressure changes (Lutherer et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant responses to chronic hypoxia in the rat cerebellum and pons

Ramanathan

Gozal

Siegel

2005

Journal of Neurochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and sleep fragmentation and deprivation. Exposure to CIH results in oxidative stress in the cortex, hippocampus and basal forebrain of rats and mice. We show that sustained and intermittent hypoxia induces antioxidant responses, an indicator of oxidative stress, in the rat cerebellum and pons. Increased glutathione reductase (GR) activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels were observed in the pons and cerebellum of rats exposed to CIH or chronic sustained hypoxia (CSH) compared with room air (RA) controls. Exposure to CIH or CSH increased GR activity in the pons, while exposure to CSH increased the level of TBARS in the cerebellum. The level of TBARS was increased to a greater extent after exposure to CSH than to CIH in the cerebellum and pons. Increased superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and decreased total glutathione (GSHt) levels were observed after exposure to CIH compared with CSH only in the pons. We have previously shown that prolonged sleep deprivation decreased SOD activity in the rat hippocampus and brainstem, without affecting the cerebellum, cortex or hypothalamus. We therefore conclude that sleep deprivation and hypoxia differentially affect antioxidant responses in different brain regions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant responses to chronic hypoxia in the rat cerebellum and pons

Ramanathan

Gozal

Siegel

2005

Journal of Neurochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, ablation of the anterior cerebellum decreases the increase iṅ V E induced by pressure application or stretch of the gastrocnemius muscle (268). Also in anesthetized mammals, electrical or chemical stimulation of the CFN increases breathing (30,218,219,352,357,358). Moreover ablation of the CFN attenuates the respiratory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia (360,361).…”

Section: Role Of the Cerebellummentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Breathing During Exercise

Forster

Haouzi

Dempsey

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

183

203

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During exercise by healthy mammals, alveolar ventilation and alveolar-capillary diffusion increase in proportion to the increase in metabolic rate to prevent PaCO2 from increasing and PaO2 from decreasing. There is no known mechanism capable of directly sensing the rate of gas exchange in the muscles or the lungs; thus, for over a century there has been intense interest in elucidating how respiratory neurons adjust their output to variables which can not be directly monitored. Several hypotheses have been tested and supportive data were obtained, but for each hypothesis, there are contradictory data or reasons to question the validity of each hypothesis. Herein, we report a critique of the major hypotheses which has led to the following conclusions. First, a single stimulus or combination of stimuli that convincingly and entirely explains the hyperpnea has not been identified. Second, the coupling of the hyperpnea to metabolic rate is not causal but is due to of these variables each resulting from a common factor which link the circulatory and ventilatory responses to exercise. Third, stimuli postulated to act at pulmonary or cardiac receptors or carotid and intracranial chemoreceptors are not primary mediators of the hyperpnea. Fourth, stimuli originating in exercising limbs and conveyed to the brain by spinal afferents contribute to the exercise hyperpnea. Fifth, the hyperventilation during heavy exercise is not primarily due to lactacidosis stimulation of carotid chemoreceptors. Finally, since volitional exercise requires activation of the CNS, neural feed-forward (central command) mediation of the exercise hyperpnea seems intuitive and is supported by data from several studies. However, there is no compelling evidence to accept this concept as an indisputable fact.

show abstract

“…There is strong evidence that the cerebellum modulates respiratory-related motor activity via projections of mDCN neurons to various medullary or pontine regions (Lutherer and Williams, 1986; Gruart and Delgado-Garcïa, 1992; Xu and Frazier, 1995, 1997, 2000; Zhang et al, 1999). However, the pathways by which the cerebellum engages brainstem centers controlling other orofacial movements such as licking or whisking is not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medial cerebellar nuclear projections and activity patterns link cerebellar output to orofacial and respiratory behavior

Lu¹,

Cao²,

Tokita³

et al. 2013

Front. Neural Circuits

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is ample evidence that the cerebellum plays an important role in coordinating both respiratory and orofacial movements. However, the pathway by which the cerebellum engages brainstem substrates underlying these movements is not well understood. We used tract-tracing techniques in mice to show that neurons in the medial deep cerebellar nucleus (mDCN) project directly to these putative substrates. Injection of an anterograde tracer into the mDCN produced terminal labeling in the ventromedial medullary reticular formation, which was stronger on the contralateral side. Correspondingly, injection of retrograde tracers into these same areas resulted in robust neuronal cell labeling in the contralateral mDCN. Moreover, injection of two retrograde tracers at different rostral–caudal brainstem levels resulted in a subset of double-labeled cells, indicating that single mDCN neurons collateralize to multiple substrates. Using an awake and behaving recording preparation, we show that spiking activity in mDCN neurons is correlated with respiratory and orofacial behaviors, including whisking and fluid licking. Almost half of the recorded neurons showed activity correlated with more than one behavior, suggesting that these neurons may in fact modulate multiple brainstem substrates. Collectively, these results describe a potential pathway through which the cerebellum could modulate and coordinate respiratory and orofacial behaviors.

show abstract

Stimulating fastigial nucleus pressor region elicits patterned respiratory responses

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Antioxidant responses to chronic hypoxia in the rat cerebellum and pons

Antioxidant responses to chronic hypoxia in the rat cerebellum and pons

Control of Breathing During Exercise

Medial cerebellar nuclear projections and activity patterns link cerebellar output to orofacial and respiratory behavior

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About