Stimulating Antimicrobial Activity in Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) with Psidium guajava and Syzygium aromaticum Extracts against Multi-drug Resistant Salmonella Spp: A Comparative Study of Multiple Combinations.

Abstract

Factors such as Mutation, Gene transfer, Inappropriate use and Diagnostics, and prescription of antibiotics to persistent patient which are yet undiagnosed has significantly led to the emergence of drug resistance in bacteria, which is now hampering our ability in treat infections, and with the decline in development of new antibiotics, scientist and research keep trying to develop/proposed some synergistic combinations of antibiotic with medicinal plant extracts in an effort to boost their antimicrobial activities against drug resistant bacteria. This work aim to develop a cocktail regimen which will be highly susceptible to confirmed drug resistant clinical isolate of Salmonella spp using Tetracycline, Co-trimoxazole, Aspirin, Psidium guajava and Syzygium aromaticum extract alongside minimizing toxicity potential. Twenty four (24) different combinations were made from 10 g/mL of Co-trimoxazole, Tetracycline and Aspirin each with each clove extract and separately again with guava extract, Eighteen (18) out of the 24 were combined in three different stages (6 each) using concentrated Tetraoxosulphate(vi)acid (H2SO4) and 0.1Molar sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 31 antimicrobial disks were prepared and tested on Salmonella spp. The antimicrobial susceptibility test reveals that Scl, a stage 1 combination of Co-trimoxaazole with clove extract, Ac2, a stage 2 combination of Aspirin and clove extract, Ag2, a stage 2 combination of Aspirin and guava leave extract were all susceptible to the confirmed resistant isolate of Salmonella spp. Ag2 had the best zone of inhibition better than Ciprofloxacin inhibition zone at 20 g/mL. Aspirin was the best precursor drug which favourably combines with both clove and guava extract to give a desired cocktail regimen with potential antimicrobial characteristics, hence, the need to identify the compounds obtained in this combinations, isolates, and purify their active principles, and subjected to other pharmacological test to ascertain if they can be used to combat multi-drug resistant bacteria and other pathogenic organisms.

The Effect of Hand Washing Soap with Soursop Leaf and Guava Leaf Extract on Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria

“…Saponins can also act as antibacterials with their ability to cause the lysis of bacterial cells. In addition, guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) also contain secondary metabolites such as tannins and saponins, which have an antibacterial mechanism by damaging the bacterial cell membrane (Gideon, 2023;Ndako et al, 2023;Ngwanguong et al, 2023;Rajad et al, 2023). In developing handwashes based on natural ingredients, the potential of these natural ingredients needs to be further explored through comprehensive research to understand the antibacterial effects in detail and the potential side effects associated with their use.…”