“…Its scope and impact is contingent on a range of specific factors: history, culture, place, and so on. (p. 196) While many trajectories can be delineated from Bradford and Clark's (2011) study on stigmatization and discrimination, many adolescents in various parts of the world also experience similar types of risks. In Malaysia, for instance, 4.5 million youth aged 15-25 years old are at-risk, with at least 500, 000 youth admitted to have been involved in violence and crimes (Johan, 2014;Samsudin, 2010, p. 24), including, but are not limited to homicides, rape, theft, felony, cyber-bullying and (aggravated) battery (Government Transformation Program, 2014;Hanif Suhairi, 2015;Johan, 2014).…”