Stiffness Regulates the Morphology, Adhesion, Proliferation, and Osteogenic Differentiation of Maxillary Schneiderian Sinus Membrane-Derived Stem Cells

Abstract

Recent studies, which aim to optimize maxillary sinus augmentation, have paid significant attention exploring osteogenic potential of maxillary Schneiderian sinus membrane-derived cells (MSSM-derived cells). However, it remains unclear that how MSSM-derived cells could respond to niche’s biomechanical properties. Herein, this study investigated the possible effects of substrate stiffness on rMSSM-derived stem cell fate. Initially, rMSSM-derived stem cells with multiple differentiation potential were successfully obtained. We then fabricated polyacrylamide substrates with varied stiffness ranging from 13 to 68 kPa to modulate the mechanical environment of rMSSM-derived stem cells. A larger cell spreading area and increased proliferation of rMSSM-derived stem cells were found on the stiffer substrates. Similarly, cells became more adhesive as their stiffness increased. Furthermore, the higher stiffness facilitated osteogenic differentiation of rMSSM-derived stem cells. Overall, our results indicated that increase in stiffness could mediate behaviors of rMSSM-derived stem cells, which may serve as a guide in future research to design novel biomaterials for maxillary sinus augmentation.

Guided bone regeneration for peri‐implant augmentation: A retrospective study comparing two surgical techniques with a mean follow‐up of 26 months

“…The Schneiderian membrane, a bilaminar membrane with periosteum on the osseous side, is lifted to create a supportive and stable space for grafting materials during sinus floor elevation. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that Schneiderian membranes possess osteogenic capabilities and participate in new bone formation after sinus elevation (Berbéri et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2021; Rong et al., 2015; Wang, Luo, et al., 2022; Wang, Sun, et al., 2022). Therefore, the joint effect of the PASS principles and the osteogenic capability of the periosteum might ensure the clinical outcome of this modified GBR technique.…”

The tardigrade-derived mitochondrial abundant heat soluble protein improves adipose-derived stem cell survival against representative stressors

“…MAHS may also indirectly strengthen the cell membrane or cortical cytoskeleton. For example, prior work has shown increased stiffness in multiple stem cell types prior to and after osteogenic differentiation 83,84 ; given the propensity for osteogenic differentiation in MAHS-expressing ASCs, it is possible that these cells innately possess stiffened membranes and matrices that are resistant to deformation.…”

How the mechanical microenvironment of stem cell growth affects their differentiation: a review

“…Under physiological conditions, cells in vivo are anchored to tissue substrates of varying stiffness, and their specific stiffness influences the cells that grow on them. Substrate stiffness has a role in a wide range of stem cell differentiation profiles [ 37 ]. Cells perceive the stiffness of ECM through cytoskeletal contractility, and the relatively high stiffness of 3D-printed ECM facilitates the differentiation of BMSCs towards sweat cells and hair follicle cells [ 38 ].…”