Stiffening of Human Skin Fibroblasts with Age

Schulze, Christian; Wetzel, Franziska; Kueper, Thomas; Malsen, Anke; Muhr, Gesa; Jaspers, Sören; Blatt, Thomas; Wittern, Klaus‐Peter; Wenck, Horst; Käs, Josef A.

doi:10.1016/j.cps.2011.09.008

Cited by 56 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Studies have found intermediate filaments also contribute to fibroblast cellular rigidity, including actomyosin [33], septin [34], and microtubules [35]. They have found that by changing the proportion of G-actin and F-actin, aging also increases fibroblast rigidity [36]. In this study, normal fibroblasts without TGF-beta1 showed less, but not significantly, rigidity when compared to the keloid fibroblasts (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

TGF-beta1 increases cell rigidity by enhancing expression of smooth muscle actin: Keloid-derived fibroblasts as a model for cellular mechanics

Lee

Hong

Chen

et al. 2012

Journal of Dermatological Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

TGF-beta1 increases cell rigidity by enhancing expression of smooth muscle actin: Keloid-derived fibroblasts as a model for cellular mechanics

Lee

Hong

Chen

et al. 2012

Journal of Dermatological Science

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“…It has long been hypothesized that the altered mechanical compliance of aging tissues is primarily attributable to changes in the composition, micro- and nanostructure, and organization of the ECM (39, 41, 42). However, the complex interactions of biological, biophysical, and biochemical processes, which are characteristic of living organisms, result from the combined effects of not only physical changes in the ECM but also in the mechanical compliance of cells.…”

Section: Aging and Cell Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A critical player in this mechanical regulation of cells is the cytoskeleton, the highly entangled network of filamentous proteins (39) that provides cells with their structure and morphology (45). The cytoskeleton consists of three types of filamentous proteins: microfilaments (F-actin), intermediate filaments, and microtubules, all of whose content, organization, and dynamics greatly influence the ability of cells to sense and respond to mechanical stimuli.…”

Section: Aging and Cell Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanobiology of Aging

Phillip

Aifuwa

Walston

et al. 2015

Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng.

235

210

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Aging is a complex, multifaceted process that induces a myriad of physiological changes over an extended period of time. Aging is accompanied by major biochemical and biomechanical changes at macroscopic and microscopic length scales that affect not only tissues and organs but also cells and subcellular organelles. These changes include transcriptional and epigenetic modifications; changes in energy production within mitochondria; and alterations in the overall mechanics of cells, their nuclei, and their surrounding extracellular matrix. In addition, aging influences the ability of cells to sense changes in extracellular-matrix compliance (mechanosensation) and to transduce these changes into biochemical signals (mechanotransduction). Moreover, following a complex positive-feedback loop, aging is accompanied by changes in the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix, resulting in changes in the mechanics of connective tissues in older individuals. Consequently, these progressive dysfunctions facilitate many human pathologies and deficits that are associated with aging, including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative disorders and diseases. Here, we critically review recent work highlighting some of the primary biophysical changes occurring in cells and tissues that accompany the aging process.

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“…Hereafter, Nishio et al suggested further that overproducing of vimentin filaments in skin fibroblast cytoskeleton resulted in senescent cell morphologies [28,29]. Schulze et al proposed in vivo aging process, the cytoskeletal polymers showed a shift from monomeric G-actin to polymerized, filamentous F-actin, but no significant changes in vimentin and microtubule content [30]. Fluorescence analysis provides an explanation that aging TSCs possess a dense cytoskeletal organization compared to young TSCs, which causes the former increased cell size and irregular cell shape.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging-related viscoelasticity variation of tendon stem cells (TSCs) characterized by quartz thickness shear mode (TSM) resonators

Zhao

et al. 2015

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Aging not only affects the whole body performance but also alters cellular biological properties, including cell proliferation and differentiation. This study was designed to determine the effect of aging on the mechanical properties of tendon stem cells (TSCs), a newly discovered stem cell type in tendons, using quartz thickness shear mode (TSM) resonators. TSCs were isolated from both old and young rats, and allowed to grow to confluency on the surface of TSM resonators. The admittance spectrums of TSM with TSC monolayer were acquired, and a series of complex shear modulus G′ + jG″ as well as average thickness hTSC were calculated based on a two-layer-loading transmission line model (TLM) for TSM resonator sensor. The results showed an overall increase in G′, G″ and hTSC during aging process. Specifically, the storage modulus G′ of aging TSCs was over ten times than that of young, revealing an important increase in stiffness of aging TSCs. Additionally, through phase-contrast and scanning electronic microscopy, it was shown that aging TSCs were large, flat and heterogeneous in morphologies while young TSCs were uniformly elongated. Increased cell size and irregular cell shape might be associated with the dense cytoskeleton organization, which could lead to an increase in both stiffness and viscosity. These results are in agreement with previously published data using different measurement methods, indicating TSM resonator sensor as a promising tool to measure the mechanical properties of cells.

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Stiffening of Human Skin Fibroblasts with Age

Cited by 56 publications

References 44 publications

TGF-beta1 increases cell rigidity by enhancing expression of smooth muscle actin: Keloid-derived fibroblasts as a model for cellular mechanics

TGF-beta1 increases cell rigidity by enhancing expression of smooth muscle actin: Keloid-derived fibroblasts as a model for cellular mechanics

The Mechanobiology of Aging

Aging-related viscoelasticity variation of tendon stem cells (TSCs) characterized by quartz thickness shear mode (TSM) resonators

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