Steroids versus nonsteroids in the treatment of cutaneous inflammation: therapeutic modalities for office use

Panconesi, E; Lotti, Torello

doi:10.1007/bf00638239

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…Treatment of inflammatory skin diseases frequently requires a combination of systemic and topical agents, but topical substances alone are very often adequate (1)(2)(3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Transdermal Permeation of Hydrocortisone Acetate from Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Formulations

et al. 2008

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Abstract. The purpose of this research was the preparation of four formulations containing hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) for topical application, including two aqueous systems (hydrophilic microemulsion and aqueous gel) and two systems with dominant hydrophobicity (hydrophobic microemulsion and ointment). The formulations were tested for the release and permeation of HCA across an animal membrane. The release of HCA was found comparable for the four systems. The two microemulsions promote permeation across an ex-vivo membrane, examined by means of a Franz cell. Hydrophobic microemulsion guarantees the highest solubility (2,370 μg/ml) and flux (133 μg/cm 2 .h) of the drug, since it contains almost 40% Transcutol, a permeation enhancer. Gel and ointment provide lower solubility and flux, being the values, related to the ointment, the lowest ones (562 μg/ml and 0.4 μg/ cm 2 .h). Experimental results allow the conclusion that gel and ointment can be suitable when it is desirable to minimize absorption of topically applied HCA as to keep the drug restricted to the diseased area and prevent side effects of the systemic presence of HCA.

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“…Treatment of inflammatory skin diseases frequently requires a combination of systemic and topical agents, but topical substances alone are very often adequate (1)(2)(3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Transdermal Permeation of Hydrocortisone Acetate from Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Formulations

et al. 2008

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Contact Dermatitis

Kanerva¹

2000

European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments

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Diaper Dermatitis

Reimann¹,

Luger²

2000

European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments

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Diaper dermatitis, primary irritant diaper dermatitis, napkin dermatitis Definition and EpidemiologyDiaper dermatitis is one of the most common inflammatory dermatoses in infants occurring within the napkin area. It develops in as many as 50% of all diaper-wearing children, with a peak incidence between the 9th and 12th months of life. Secondary infection with Candida albicans is common and occurs in up to 50%. The great majority of cases are self-limiting and moderate in severity, and only in 6% of cases is diaper dermatitis severe and recurrent. Etiology and PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diaper dermatitis is due to a multitude of factors. It is now generally accepted that the most important irritants are feces-derived digestive enzymes, especially trypsin and lipase. The assumption of an irritant effect of digestive enzymes is based on the observation that overhydration of the skin is caused by prolonged contact with a wet napkin, which subsequently results in maceration of the skin. In addition, abrasive damage attributable to friction is the cause of a decreased barrier function favoring secondary irritants and infection.The intestinal tract of breast-fed children is less heavily colonized by urease-producing organisms such as enterobacteria. Urease degrades urea to ammonia and increases the alkalinity. Since the pH alkalinity in the feces of cow milk-fed infants is higher than in that of breast -fed children and the activity of such digestive enzymes as trypsin and lipase is related to increasing pH, breast-fed infants develop a diaper rash less frequently.Secondary infection with Candida albicans or various gram-positive bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus) is common and may aggravate the dermatitis. In approximately 50% of cases Candida albicans, mainly derived from the gastrointestinal tract, and less frequently bacteria are involved in the pathologic process. In addition, the warm, moist environment created by the diaper promotes the growth of these organisms.

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Steroids versus nonsteroids in the treatment of cutaneous inflammation: therapeutic modalities for office use

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Control of Transdermal Permeation of Hydrocortisone Acetate from Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Formulations

Control of Transdermal Permeation of Hydrocortisone Acetate from Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Formulations

Contact Dermatitis

Diaper Dermatitis

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